Zygnema species are often found alongside another algal species, Spirogyra, and can reproduce asexually, sexually, or vegetatively. In harsh conditions, Zygnema generally will produce spore-like akinetes for asexual reproduction or reproduce sexually via conjugation tubes. If reproduction is sexual, a zygospore is formed and sinks into the sediment until habitat conditions become more favorable. When algal nutrients are widely available and the environment is suitable, Zygnema frequently fragment as a means of vegetative reproduction.