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Live-Cell Imaging: Cell Motility

Rhesus Monkey Kidney Epithelial Cells (LLC-MK2 Line)

T1/DSL/Cable Stream

LLC-MK2 cells tend to organize themselves into small colonies in culture, which eventually can develop into continuous sheets similar to the epithelial sheets that occur in the animal body. A number of cell-cell junctions form between epithelial cells, including tight junctions, which are a special type of connection unique to the cell type. Other junctions that may hold two LLC-MK2 or other epithelial cells together are adherens junctions, desmosome junctions, gap junctions, and hemidesmosomes junctions.

Though it is unclear exactly what type of junction binds them together, several LLC-MK2 cells are evidently connected in this time-lapse sequence. One of the rhesus monkey kidney epithelial cells (located along the top left field of view) repeatedly attempts to break free from the small colony, but appears to be reeled back in by connective fibers adjoining it to neighboring cells. The persistent effort of the cell eventually pays off when it finally gains its independence about mid-way through the high speed playback of the time-lapse sequence. The actions of the freedom-fighting epithelial cell are later emulated by other LLC-MK2 cells.

A large number of vacuoles can be observed within the cytoplasm of many of the featured cells. Each of the spherical sac-like structures is enclosed in a single membrane and appears to form in the video along the peripheries of the cells via endocytosis. Vacuoles occur in both plant and animal cells, but generally serve different primary functions in the dissimilar cell types. In plants, vacuoles are extremely important for maintaining cell turgor pressure, but in animals they are most significant as a means of temporary storage and transport.

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