Researchers at Columbia University have published a new open-access article in Scientific Reports describing a non-invasive gene delivery method for optogenetic experimentation. Lipid microbubble-encapsulated adeno-associated virus (carrying Channelrhodopsin-2 gene) in the blood is introduced into the brain by using transcranial-focused ultrasound (FUS) to transiently breach the blood-brain barrier. Imaging was performed with a Nikon laser scanning confocal microscope.