Fluorescent Protein Literature References
Fluorescent protein development strategies are focused on fine-tuning the photophysical properties of blue to yellow variants derived from the Aequorea victoria jellyfish, as well as on the development of monomeric versions derived from other organisms that emit in the yellow-orange to far-red regions of the visible light spectrum. The latest efforts in jellyfish variants have resulted in new and improved monomeric probes for the blue, cyan, green, and yellow regions, while the relentless search for a bright monomeric and fast-maturing red fluorescent protein has yielded a host of excellent candidates spanning the longer wavelengths, though none are yet optimal for all applications. Photoactivatable fluorescent proteins are emerging as a powerful class of probes for intracellular dynamics and, unexpectedly, as a useful tool for the development of superresolution microscopy techniques.
Recommended Literature
- Tsien, R. Y. The Green fluorescent protein. Annual Review of Biochemistry 67: 509-544 (1998).
- Shaner, N. C., Steinbach, P. A. and Tsien, R. Y. A guide to choosing fluorescent proteins.Nature Methods 2: 905-915 (2005).
- Shaner, N. C., Patterson, G. H. and Davidson, M. W. Advances in fluorescent protein technology. Journal of Cell Science 120: 4247-4260 (2007).
- Remington, S. J. Fluorescent proteins: maturation, photochemistry and photophysics.Current Opinion in Structural Biology 16: 714-721 (2006).
- Chudakov, D. M., Lukyanov, S. and Lukyanov, K. A. Fluorescent proteins as a toolkit for in vivo imaging. Trends in Biotechnology 23: 605-613 (2005).
- Verkhusha, V. V. and Lukyanov, K. A. The molecular properties and applications of Anthozoa fluorescent proteins and chromoproteins. Nature Biotechnology 22: 289-296 (2004).
- Giepmans, B. N. G., Adams, S. R., Ellisman, M. H. and Tsien, R., The fluorescent toolbox for assessing protein location and function. Science 312: 217-224 (2006).
- Lukyanov, K. A., Fradkov, A. F., Gurskaya, N. G., Matz, M. V., Labas, Y. A., Savitsky, A. P., Markelov, M. L., Zaraisky, A. G., Zhao, X., Fang, Y., Tan, W. and Lukyanov, S. A. natural animal coloration can be determined by a nonfluorescent green fluorescent protein homolog.Journal of Biological Chemistry 275: 25879-25882 (2000).
- Shagin, D. A., Barsova, E. V., Yanushevich, Y. G., Fradkov, A. F., Lukyanov, K. A., Labas, Y. A., Semenova, T. N., Ugalde, J. A., Meyers, A., Nunez, J. M., Widder, E. A., Lukyanov, S. A. and Matz, M. V. GFP-like proteins as ubiquitous metazoan superfamily: evolution of functional features and structural complexity. Molecular Biology and Evolution 21: 841-850 (2004).
- Lippincott-Schwartz, J. and Patterson, G. H. Development and use of fluorescent protein markers in living cells. Science 300: 87-91 (2003).
- Miyawaki, A., Nagai, T. and Mizuno, H. Engineering fluorescent proteins. Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology 95: 1-15 (2005).
- Pakhomov, A. A. and Martynov, V. I. GFP family: Structural insights into spectral tuning.Chemistry and Biology 15: 755-764 (2008).
- Dixit, R., Cyr, R. and Gilroy, S. Using intrinsically fluorescent proteins for plant cell imaging.The Plant Journal 45: 599-615 (2006).
- Mathur, J. The illuminated plant cell. Trends in Plant Science 12: 506-513 (2007).
- Henderson, J. N. and Remington, S. J. The kindling fluorescent protein: a transient photoswitchable marker. Physiology 21: 162-170 (2006).
- Piston, D. W. and Kremers, G-J. Fluorescent protein FRET: the good, the bad and the ugly.Trends in Biochemical Sciences 32: 407-414 (2007).
- Fernandez-Suarez, M. and Ting, A. Y. Fluorescent probes for super-resolution imaging in living cells. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 9: 929-943 (2008).
- Chalfie, M., Tu, Y., Euskirchen, G., Ward, W. W. and Prasher, D. C. Green fluorescent protein as a marker for gene expression. Science 263: 802-805 (1994).
- Heim, R., Cubitt, A. B. and Tsien, R. Y. Improved green fluorescence. Nature 373: 663-664 (1995).
- Ormo, M., Cubitt, A. B., Kallio, K., Gross, L. A., Tsien, R. Y. and Remington, S. J. Crystal structure of the Aequorea victoria green fluorescent protein. Science 273: 1392-1396 (1996).
- Griesbeck, O., Baird, G. S., Campbell, R. E., Zacharias, D. A. and Tsien, R. Y. Reducing the environmental sensitivity of yellow fluorescent protein. Journal of Biological Chemistry276: 29188-29194 (2001).
- Zacharias, D. A., Violin, J. D., Newton, A. C. and Tsien, R. Y. Partitioning of lipid-modified monomeric GFPs into membrane microdomains of live cells. Science 296: 913-916 (2002).
- Matz, M. V., Fradkov, A. F., Labas, Y. A., Savitsky, A. P., Zaraisky, A. G., Markelov, M. L. and Lukyanov, S. A. Fluorescent proteins from nonbioluminescent Anthozoa species. Nature Biotechnology 17: 969-973 (1999).
- Campbell, R. E., Tour, O., Palmer, A. E., Steinbach, P. A., Baird, G. S., Zacharias, D. A. and Tsien, R. Y. A monomeric red fluorescent protein. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 99: 7877-7882 (2002).
- Shaner, N. C., Campbell, R. E., Steinbach, P. A., Giepmans, B. N. G., Palmer, A. E. and Tsien, R. Y. Improved monomeric red, orange and yellow fluorescent proteins derived from Discosoma sp. red fluorescent protein. Nature Biotechnology 22: 1567-1576 (2004).
- Shaner, N. C., Lin, M. Z., McKeown, M. R., Steinbach, P. A., Hazelwood, K. L., Davidson, M. W. and Tsien, R. Y. Improving the photostability of bright monomeric orange and red fluorescent proteins. Nature Methods 5: 545-562 (2008).
- Wang, L., Jackson, W. C., Steinbach, P. A. and Tsien, R. Y. Evolution of new nonantibody proteins via iterative somatic hypermutation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 101: 16745-16749 (2004).
- Merzlyak, E. M., Goedhart, J., Shcherbo, D., Bulina, M. E., Shceglov, A. S., Fradkov, A. F., Gaintzeva, A., Lukyanov, K. A., Lukyanov, S., Gadella, T. W. J. and Chudakov, D. M. Bright monomeric red fluorescent protein with an extended fluorescence lifetime. Nature Methods 4: 555- 567(2007).
- Shcherbo, D., Merzlyak, E. M., Chepurnykh, T. V., Fradkov, A. F., Ermakova, G. V., Solovieva, E. A., Lukyanov, K. A., Bogdanova, E. A., Zaraisky, A. G., Lukyanov, S. and Chudakov, D. M. Bright far-red fluorescent protein for whole-body imaging. Nature Methods 4: 741-754 (2007).
- Nagai, T., Ibata, K., Park, E. S., Kubota, M., Mikoshiba, K. and Miyawaki, A. A variant of yellow fluorescent protein with fast and efficient maturation for cell-biological applications.Nature Biotechnology 20: 87-90 (2002).
- Rizzo, M. A., Springer, G. H., Granada, B. and Piston, D. W. An improved cyan fluorescent protein variant useful for FRET. Nature Biotechnology 22: 445-449 (2004).
- Karasawa, S., Araki, T., Nagai, T., Mizuno, H. and Miyawaki, A. Cyan-emitting and orange-emitting fluorescent proteins as a donor/acceptor pair for fluorescence energy transfer.Biochemical Journal 381: 307-312 (2004).
- Pedelacq, J. D., Cabantous, S., Tran, T., Terwilliger, T. C. and Waldo,G. S. Engineering and characterization of a superfolder green fluorescent protein. Nature Biotechnology 24: 79-101 (2006).
- Livet, J., Weissman, T. A., Kang, H., Draft, R. W., Lu, J., Bennis, R. A., Sanes, J. R. and Lichtman, J. W. Transgenic strategies for combinatorial expression of fluorescent proteins in the nervous system. Nature 450: 56-71 (2007).
- Sakaue-Sawano, A., Kurokawa, H., Morimura, T., Hanyu, A., Hama, H., Osawa, H., Kashiwagi, S., Fukami, K., Miyata, T., Miyoshi, H., Imamura, T., Ogawa, M., Masai, H. and Miyawaki, A. Visualizing spatiotemporal dynamics of multicellular cell-cycle progression. Cell 132: 487-498 (2008).
- Nguyen, A. W. and Daugherty, P. S. Evolutionary optimization of fluorescent proteins for intracellular FRET. Nature Biotechnology 23: 355-366 (2005).
- Kogure, T., Karasawa, S., Araki, T., Saito, K., Kinjo, M. and Miyawaki, A. A fluorescent variant of a protein from the stony coral Montipora facilitates dual-color single-laser fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy. Nature Biotechnology 24: 577-589 (2006).
- Blab, G. A., Lommerse, P. H. M., Cognet, L., Harms, G. S., Schmidt, T. Two-photon excitation action cross-sections of the autofluorescent proteins. Chemical Physics Letters 350: 71-77 (2001).
Additional Literature Sources
- Abbyad, P., Childs, W., Shi, X. and Boxer, S. G. Dynamic stokes shift in green fluorescent protein variants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 104: 20189-20194 (2007).
- Abedi, M. R., Caponigro, G. and Kamb, A. Green fluorescent protein as a scaffold for intracellular presentation of peptides. Nucleic Acids Research 26: 623-630 (1998).
- Adam, V., Lelimousin, M., Boehme, S., Desfonds, G., Nienhaus, K., Field, M. J., Wiedenmann, J., McSweeney, S., Nienhaus, G. U. and Bourgeois, D. Structural characterization of IrisFP, an optical highlighter undergoing multiple photo-induced transformations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 105: 18343-18348 (2008).
- Aeby, G. S. Corals in the genus porites are susceptible to infection by a larval trematode.Coral Reefs 22: 216 (2003).
- Agbulut, O., Huet, A., Niederlander, N., Puceat, M., Menasche, P. and Coirault, C. Green fluorescent protein impairs actin-myosin interactions by binding to the actin-binding site of myosin. Journal of Biological Chemistry 282: 10465-10471 (2007).
- Agmon, N. Proton Pathways in green fluorescence protein. Biophysical Journal 88: 2452-2461 (2005).
- Agmon, N. Kinetics of switchable proton escape from a proton-wire within green fluorescence protein. Journal of Physical Chemistry 111: 7870- 7878 (2007).
- Ai, H. W., Henderson, J. N., Remington, S. J. and Campbell, R. E. Directed evolution of a monomeric, bright and photostable version of Clavularia cyan fluorescent protein: structural characterization and applications in fluorescence imaging. Biochemical Journal400: 531-540 (2006).
- Ai, H. W., Olenych, S. G., Wong, P., Davidson, M. W. and Campbell, R. E. Hue-shifted monomeric variants of Clavularia cyan fluorescent protein: identification of the molecular determinants of color and applications in fluorescence imaging. BMC Biology 6: 13-25 (2008).
- Ai, H. W., Shaner, N. C., Cheng, Z., Tsien, R. Y. and Campbell, R. E. Exploration of new chromophore structures leads to the identification of improved blue fluorescent proteins.Biochemistry 46: 5904-5910 (2007).
- Akemann, W., Raj, C. D. and Knopfel, T. Functional characterization of permuted enhanced green fluorescent proteins comprising varying linker peptides Photochemistry and Photobiology 74: 356-363 (2001).
- Albano, C. R., Randers-Eichhorn, L., Chang, Q., Bentley, W. E. and Rao, G. Quantitative measurement of green fluorescent protein expression. Biotechnology Techniques 10: 953-958 (1996).
- Alieva, N. O., Konzen, K. A., Field, S. F., Meleshkevitch, E. A., Hunt, M. E., Geltran-Ramirez, V., Miller, D. J., Wiedenmann, J., Salih, A. and Matz, M. V. Diversity and evolution of coral fluorescent proteins. PLoS ONE 3: e2680 (2008).
- Altoe, P., Bernardi, F., Garavelli, M., Orlandi, G. and Negri, F. Solvent effects on the vibrational activity and photodynamics of the green fluorescent protein chromophore: a quantum-chemical study. Journal of the American Chemical Society 127: 3952-3963 (2005).
- Alvizo, O., Allen, B. D. and Mayo, S. L. Computational protein design promises to revolutionize protein engineering. Bio Techniques 42: 31-39 (2007).
- Amos, W. B. The glow spreads throughout biology. Trends in Biochemical Sciences 24:251 (1999).
- Anderson, M. T., Tjioe, I. M., Lorincz, M. C., Parks, D. R., Herzenberg, L. A., Nolan, G. P. and Herzenberg, L. A. Simultaneous fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis of two distinct transcriptional elements within a single cell using engineered green fluorescent proteins.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 93: 8508-8511 (1996).
- Andrews, B. T., Schoenfish, A. R., Roy, M., Waldo, G. and Jennings, P. A. The rough energy landscape of superfolder GFP is linked to the chromophore. Journal of Molecular Biology373: 476-490 (2007).
- Ataka, K. and Pieribone, V. A. A genetically targetable fluorescent probe of channel gating with rapid kinetics. Biophysical Journal 82: 509-516 (2002).
- Ayoob, J. C., Shaner, N. C., Sanger, J. M. and Sanger, J. W. Expression of green or red fluorescent protein (GFP or DsRed) linked proteins in nonmuscle and muscle cells.Molecular Biotechnology 17: 65-71 (2001).
- Babic, A., Lindner, A. B., Vulic, M., Stewart, E. J. and Radman, M. Direct visualization of horizontal gene transfer. Science 319: 1533-1536 (2008).
- Bae, J. H., Pal, P. P., Moroder, L., Huber, R. and Budisa, N. Crystallographic evidence for isomeric chromophores in 3-fluorotyrosyl-green fluorescent protein. ChemBioChem :5720-722 (2004).
- Bae, J. H., Rubini, M., Jung, G., Wiegand, G., Seifert, M. H. J., Azim, M. K., Kim, J. S., Zumbusch, A., Holak, T. A., Moroder, L., Huber, R. and Budisa, N. Expansion of the genetic code enables design of a novel "gold" class of green fluorescent proteins. Journal of Molecular Biology 328: 1071-1081 (2003).
- Baffour-Awuah, N. Y. A., Fedeles, F. and Zimmer, M. Structural features responsible for GFPuv and S147P-GFP's improved fluorescence. Chemical Physics 310: 25-31 (2005).
- Baffour-Awuah, N. Y. A. and Zimmer, M. Hula-twisting in green fluorescent protein. Chemical Physics 303: 7-11 (2004).
- Bajno, L. and Grinstein, S. Fluorescent proteins: powerful tools in phagocyte biology.Journal of Immunological Methods 232: 67-75 (1999).
- Baldini, G., Cannone, F. and Chirico, G. Pre-unfolding resonant oscillations of single green fluorescent protein molecules. Science 309 1096-1100 (2005).
- Balla, T. and Varnai, P. Visualizing cellular phosphoinositide pools with GFP-fused protein-modules. Science Signaling 2002: 13-20 (2002).
- Barakat, N. H. and Love, J. J. Molecular diversity in engineered protein libraries. Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 11: 335-341 (2007).
- Barondeau, D. P., Kassmann, C. J., Tainer, J. A. and Getzoff, E. D. Understanding GFP chromophore biosynthesis: controlling backbone cyclization and modifying post-translational chemistry. Biochemistry 44: 1960-1970 (2005).
- Barondeau, D. P., Kassmann, C. J., Tainer, J. A. and Getzoff, E. D. Understanding GFP posttranslational chemistry: structures of designed variants that achieve backbone fragmentation, hydrolysis and decarboxylation. Journal of the American Chemical Society128: 4685-4693 (2006).
- Barondeau, D. P., Kassmann, C. J., Tainer, J. A. and Getzoff, E. D. The case of the missing ring: radical cleavage of a carbon-carbon bond and implications for GFP chromophore biosynthesis. Journal of the American Chemical Society 129: 3118-3126 (2007).
- Barondeau, D. P., Putnam, C. D., Kassmann, C. J., Tainer, J. A. and Getzoff, E. D. Mechanism and energies of green fluorescent protein chromophore synthesis revealed by trapped intermediate structures. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 100:12111-12116 (2003).
- Barondeau, D. P., Tainer, J. A. and Getzoff, E. D. Structural evidence for an enolate intermediate in GFP fluorophore biosynthesis. Journal of the American Chemical Society128: 3166-3168 (2006).
- Battad, J. M., Wilmann, P. G., Olsen, S., Byres, E., Smith, S. C., Dove, S. G., Turcic, K. N., Devenish, R. J., Rossjohn, J. and Prescott, M. A structural basis for the pH-dependent increase in fluorescence efficiency of chromoproteins. Journal of Molecular Biology 368:998-1010 (2007).
- Battistutta, R., Negro, A. and Zanotti, G. Crystal structure and refolding properties of the mutant F99S/M153T/V163A of the Green Fluorescent Protein. Proteins 41: 429-437 (2000).
- Baulcombe, D. C., Chapman, S. and Cruz, S.S. Jellyfish green fluorescent protein as a reporter for virus infections. The Plant Journal 7: 1045-1053 (1995).
- Beddoe, T., Ling, M., Dove, S., Hoegh-Guldberg, O., Devenish, R. J., Prescott, M. and Rossjohn, J. The production, purification and crystallization of a pocilloporin pigment from a reef-forming coral. Biological Crystallography D59: 597-599 (2003).
- Bell, A. F., He, X., Wachter, R. M. and Tonge, P. J. Probing the ground state structure of the green fluorescent protein chromophore using Raman spectroscopy Biochemistry 39:4423-4431 (2000).
- Bell, A. F., Stopner-Ma, D., Wachter, R. M. and Tonge, P. J. Light-driven decarboxylation of wildtype green fluorescent protein. Journal of the American Chemical Society 125: 6919-6926 (2003).
- Belmont, A. S. Visualizing chromosome dynamics with GFP. Trends in Cell Biology 11: 250-257 (2001).
- Bevis, B. J. and Glick, B. S. Rapidly maturing variants of the Discosoma red fluorescent protein (DsRed). Nature Biotechnology 20: 83-87 (2002).
- Billinton, N. and Knight, A. W. Seeing the wood through the trees: a review of techniques for distinguishing green fluorescent protein from endogenous autofluorescence. Analytical Biochemistry 291: 175-197 (2001).
- Blum, C., Meixner, A. J. and Subramaniam, V. Room temperature spectrally resolved single-molecule spectroscopy reveals new spectral forms and photophysical versatility of Aequorea green fluorescent protein variants. Biophysical Journal 87: 4172-4179 (2004).
- Blum, C., Meixner, A. J. and Subramaniam, V. Single oligomer spectra probe chromophore nanoenvironments of tetrameric fluorescent proteins. Journal of the American Chemical Society 128: 8664-8670 (2006).
- Blum, C., Meixner, A. J. and Subramaniam, V. Spectral versatility of single reef coral fluorescent proteins detected by spectrally-resolved single molecule spectroscopy.ChemPhysChem 9: 310-315 (2008).
- Blum, C. and Subramaniam, V. Single-molecule spectroscopy of fluorescent proteins.Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 393: 527-541 (2009).
- Bomati, E. K., Manning, G. and Deheyn, D. D. Amphioxus encodes the larges known family of green fluorescent proteins, which have diversified into distinct functional classes. BMC Evolutionary Biology 9: 77-87 (2009).
- Bongaerts, R. J. M., Hautefort, I., Sidebotham, J. M. and Hinton, J. C. D. Green fluorescent protein as a marker for conditional gene expression in bacterial cells. Methods in Enzymology 358: 43-66 (2002).
- Bonsma, S., Purchase, R., Jezowski, S., Gallus, J., Konz, F. and Volker, S. Green and red fluorescent proteins: photo- and thermally induced dynamics probed by site-selective spectroscopy and hole burning. ChemPhysChem 6: 838-849 (2005).
- Bou-Abdallah, F., Chasteen, N. D. and Lesser, M. P. Quenching of superoxide radicals by green fluorescent protein. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1760: 1690-1695 (2006).
- Bowen, B. and Woodbury, N. Single-molecule fluorescence lifetime and anisotropy measurements of the red fluorescent protein, DsRed, in solution. Photochemistry and Photobiology 77: 362-369 (2003).
- Brand, A. GFP in Drosophila. Trends in Genetics 11: 324-325 (1995).
- Brandizzi, F., Fricker, M. and Hawes, C. A greener world: the revolution in plant bioimaging.Nature Reviews 3: 520-530 (2002).
- Branhini, B. R., Nemser, A. R. and Zimmer, M., A computational analysis of the unique protein-induced tight turn that results in posttranslational chromophore formation in green fluorescent protein. Journal of the American Chemical Society 120: 1-6 (1998).
- Brown, D. Imaging protein trafficking. Microscopic Imaging 103: e55-e61 (2006).
- Bublitz, G., King, B. A. and Boxer, S. G. Electronic structure of the chromophore in green fluorescent protein (GFP). Journal of the American Chemical Society 120: 9370-9371 (1998).
- Budisa, N. and Pal, P. P. Designing novel spectral classes of proteins with a tryptophan-expanded genetic code. Biological Chemistry 385: 893-904 (2004).
- Budisa, N., Pal, P. P., Alefelder, S., Birle, P., Krywcun, T., Rubini, M., Wenger, W., Bae, J. H. and Steiner, T. Probing the role of tryptophans in Aequorea victoria green fluorescent proteins with an expanded genetic code. Biological Chemistry 385: 191-202 (2004).
- Bulina, M. E., Chudakov, D. M., Mudrik, N. N. and Lukyanov, K. A. Interconversion of Anthozoa GFP-like fluorescent and non-fluorescent proteins by mutagenesis. BMC Biochemistry 3:7-14 (2002).
- Bulina, M. E., Chudakov, D. M., Britanova, O. V., Yanushevich, Y. G., Staroverov, D. B., Chepurnykh, T. V., Merzlyak, E. M., Shkrob, M. A., Lukyanov, S. and Kukyanov, K. A. A genetically encoded photosensitizer. Nature Biotechnology 24: 95-99 (2006).
- Bulina, M. E., Lukyanov, K. A., Yampolsky, I. V., Chudakov, D. M., Staroverov, D. B., Shcheglov, A. S., Gurskaya, N. G. and Lukyanov, S. New class of blue animal pigments based on frizzled and kringle protein domains. Journal of Biological Chemistry 279: 43367-43370 (2004).
- Bulina, M. E., Verkhusha, V. V., Staroverov, D. B., Chudakov, D. M. and Lukyanov, K.A. Hetero-oligomeric tagging diminishes non-specific aggregation of target proteins fused with Anthozoa fluorescent proteins. Biochemical Journal 371: 109-114 (2003).
- Cabantous, S., Rogers, Y., Terwilliger, T. C. and Waldo, G. S. New molecular reporters for rapid protein folding assays. PLoS One 3: e2387-e2396 (2008).
- Cabantous, S., Terwilliger, T. C. and Waldo, G. S. Protein tagging and detection with engineered self-assembling fragments of green fluorescent protein. Nature Biotechnology23: 102-107 (2005).
- Cabantous, S., Terwilliger, T. C., Waldo, G. S. and Pedelacq, J. D. A toolbox of GFP Technologies. GIT imaging and microscopy 4: 60-61 (2006).
- Cannone, F., Bologna, S., Campanini, B., Diaspro, A., Bettati, S., Mozarellis, A. and Chirico, G. Tracking Unfolding and refolding of single GFPmut2 molecules. Biophysical Journal 89:2033-2045 (2005).
- Carter, R. W., Schmale, M. C., Gibbs and P. D. L. Cloning of Anthozoan fluorescent protein genes. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 138: 259-270 (2004).
- Cava, F., de Pedro, M. A., Blas-Galindo, E., Waldo, G. S., Westblade, L. F. and Berenguer, J. Expression and use of superfolder green fluorescent protein at high temperatures in vivo: a tool to study extreme thermophile biology. Environmental Microbiology 10: 605-613 (2008).
- Cetinkaya, M., Zeytun, A., Sofo, J. and Demirel, M. C. How do insertions affect green fluorescent protein? Chemical Physics Letters 419: 48-54 (2006).
- Chamberlain, C. and Hahn, K. M. Watching proteins in the wild: fluorescence methods to study protein dynamics in living cells. Traffic 1: 755-762 (2000).
- Chan, M. C. Y., Karasawa, S., Mizuno, H., Bosanac, I., Ho, D., Prive, G. G., Miyawaki, A. and Ikura, M. Structural characterization of a blue chromoprotein and its yellow mutant from the sea anemone Cnidopus japonicus. Journal of Biological Chemistry 281: 37813-37819 (2006).
- Chang, B. S. W., Ugalde, J. A. and Matz, M. V. Applications of ancestral protein reconstruction in understanding protein function: GFP-like proteins. Methods in Enzymology 395: 652-670 (2005).
- Chang, H. C., Kaiser, C. M., Hartl, F. U. and Barral, J. M. De novo folding of GFP fusion proteins: high efficiency in eukaryotes but not in bacteria. Journal of Molecular Biology353: 397-409 (2005).
- Chapman, S., Oparka, K. J. and Roberts, A. G. New tools for in vivo fluorescence tagging.Current Opinion in Plant Biology 8: 565-573 (2005).
- Charpilienne, A., Nejmeddine, M., Broois, M., Parez, N., Neumann, E., Hewat, E., Trugnan, G. and Cohen, J. Individual rotavirus-like particles containing 120 molecules of fluorescent protein are visible in living cells. Journal of Biological Chemistry 276: 29361-29367 (2001).
- Chen, K. Y., Cheng, Y. M., Lai, C. H., Hsu, C. C., Ho, M. L., Lee, G. H. and Chou, P. T. Ortho green fluorescence protein synthetic chromophore; excited-state intramolecular proton transfer via a seven-membered-ring hydrogen-bonding system. Journal of the American Chemical society 129: 4534-4535 (2007).
- Chen, M. C., Lambert, C. R., Urgitis, J. D. and Zimmer, M. Photoisomerization of green fluorescent protein and the dimensions of the chromophore cavity. Chemical Physics 270:157-164 (2001).
- Chen, Y., Wei, L. N. and Muller, J. D. Probing protein oligomerization in living cells with fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 100: 15492-15497 (2003).
- Cheng, L., Fu, J., Tsukamoto, A. and Hawley, R. G. Use of green fluorescent protein variants to monitor gene transfer and expression in mammalian cells. Nature Biotechnology 14:606-609 (1996).
- Chew, F. N., Tan, W. S., Ling, T. C., Tan, C. S. and Tey, B. T. Quantitation of green fluorescent protein using a gel-based imaging method. Analytical Biochemistry 384: 353-355 (2009).
- Chirico, G., Diaspro, A., Cannone, F., Collini, M., Bologna, S., Pellegrini, V. and Beltram, F. Selective fluorescence recovery after bleaching of single E2GFP proteins induced by two-photon excitation. ChemPhysChem 6: 328-335 (2005).
- Chiu, W. L., Niwa, Y., Zeng, W., Hirano, T., Kobayashi, H. and Sheen, J. Engineered GFP as a Vital reporter in plants. Current Biology 6: 325-330 (1996).
- Cinelli, R. A. G., Ferrari, A., Pellegrini, V., Signorelli, A., Tyagi, M., Giacca, M. and Beltram, F. Engineering single-molecule fluorescence dynamics for advanced biomolecular applications. Australian Journal of Chemistry 54: 107-11 (2001).
- Cinelli, R. A. G., Tozzini, V., Pellegrini, V., Beltram, F., Cerullo, G., Zavelani-Rossi, M., De Silvestri, S., Tyagi, M. and Giacca, M. Coherent dynamics of photoexcited green fluorescent proteins. Physical Review Letters 86: 3439-3442 (2001).
- Cody, C. W., Prasher, D. C., Westler, W. M., Prendergast, F. G. and Ward, W. W. Chemical Structure of the hexapeptide chromophore of the Aequorea green-fluorescent protein.Biochemistry 32: 1212-1218 (1993).
- Cole, N. B., Smith, C. L., Sciaky, N., Terasaki, M., Edidin, M. and Lippincott-Schwartz, J.Diffusional mobility of Golgi proteins in membranes of living cells. Science 273: 797-801 (1996).
- Cotlet, M., Goodwin, P. M., Waldo, G. S. and Werner, J. H. A comparison of the fluorescence dynamics of single molecules of a green fluorescent protein: one- versus two-photon excitation. ChemPhysChem 7: 250-260 (2006).
- Cotlet, M., Habuchi, S., De Schryver, F. C. and Hofkens, J. Spectroscopy and microscopy of the autofluorescent protein DsRed from Discosoma genus coral. Proceedings of SPIE5329: 88-98 (2004).
- Cotlet, M., Habuchi, S., Whitier, J. E., Werner, J. H., De Schryver, F. C., Hofkens, J. H. and Goodwin, P. M. Single molecule spectroscopic characterization of a far-red fluorescent protein (HcRed) from the Anthozoa coral Heteractis crispa. Proceedings of SPIE 6098:609804-1-609804-11 (2006).
- Cotlet, M., Hokens, J., Habuchi, S., Dirix, G., Van Guyse, M., Michiels, J., Vanderleyden, J. and De Schryver, F. C. Identification of different emitting species in the red fluorescent protein DsRed by means of ensemble and single-molecule spectroscopy. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 98: 14398-14403 (2001).
- Cox, G., Matz, M. and Salih, A. Fluorescence lifetime imaging of coral fluorescent proteins.Microscopy Research and Technique 70: 243-251 (2007).
- Coxon, A. and Bestor, T. H. Proteins that glow in green and blue. Chemistry and Biology 2:119-121 (1995).
- Crameri, A., Whitehorn, E. A., Tate, E. and Stemmer, W. P. C. Improved green fluorescent protein by molecular evolution using DNA shuffling. Nature Biotechnology 14: 315-319 (1996).
- Creemers, T. M. H., Lock, A. J., Subramaniam, V., Jovin, T. M. and Volker, S. Red-shifted mutants of green fluorescent protein: reversible photoconversions studied by hole-burning and high-resolution spectroscopy. Chemical Physics 275: 109-121 (2002).
- Cristea, I. M., Williams, R., Chait, B. T. and Rout, M. P. Fluorescent proteins as proteomic probes. Molecular and Cellular Proteomics 4: 1933-1941 (2005).
- Cubitt, A. B., Heim, R., Adams, S. R., Boyd, A. E., Gross, L. A. and Tsien, R. Y. Understanding, improving and using green fluorescent proteins. Trends in Biological Sciences 20: 448-455 (1995).
- Cubitt, A. B., Woollenweber, L. A. and Heim, R. Understanding structure-function relationships in the Aequorea victoria green fluorescent protein. Methods in Cell Biology58: 19-30 (1999).
- Dai, M., Fisher, H. E., Temirov, J., Kiss, C., Phipps, M. E., Pavlik, P., Werner, J. H. and Bradbury, A. R. M. The creation of a novel fluorescent protein by guided consensus engineering.Protein Engineering, Design and Selection 20: 69-79 (2007).
- Daigle, N. and Ellenberg, J. An RNA reporter system for live-cell imaging. Nature Methods 4:633-636 (2007).
- Daly, C. J. and McGrath, J. C. Fluorescent ligands, antibodies and proteins for the study of receptors. Pharmacology and Therapeutics 100: 101-118 (2003).
- Dandekar, D. H., Kumar, M., Ladha, J. S., Ganesh, K. N. and Mitra, D. A quantitative method for normalization of transfection efficiency using enhanced green fluorescent protein.Analytical Biochemistry 342: 341-344 (2005).
- D'Angelo, C., Denzel, A., Vogt, A., Matz, M. V., Oswald, F., Salih, A., Nienhaus, G. U. and Wiedenmann, J. Blue light regulation of host pigment in reef-building corals. Marine Ecology Progress Series 364: 97-106 (2008).
- Dantuma, N. P., Lindsten, K., Glas, R., Jellne, M. and Masucci, M. G. Short-lived green fluorescent proteins for quantifying ubiquitin/proteasome-dependent proteolysis in living cells. Nature Biotechnology 18: 538-543 (2000).
- Davis, T. Profile of Martin Chalfie. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA)105: 1393-1395 (2008).
- Day, R. N. Imaging protein behavior inside the living cell. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 230: 1-6 (2005).
- Day, R. N. and Schaufele, F. Fluorescent protein tools for studying protein dynamics in living cells: a review. Journal of Biomedical Optics 13: 31202-1-31202-6 (2008).
- De Giorgi, F., Brini, M., Bastianutto, C., Marsault, R., Montero, M., Pizzo, P., Rossi, R. and Rizzuto, R. Targeting aequorin and green fluorescent protein to intracellular organelles.Gene 173: 113-117 (1996).
- Delagrave, S., Hawtin, R. E., Silva, C. M., Yang, M. M. and Youvan, D. C. Red-shifted excitation mutants of the green fluorescent protein. Nature Biotechnology 13: 151-154 (1995).
- Deliolanis, N. C., Kasmieh, R., Wurdinger, T., Tannous, B. A., Shah, K. and Ntziachristos, V. Performance of the red-shifted fluorescent proteins in deep-tissue molecular imaging applications. Journal of Biomedical Optics 13: 044008-1-044008-8 (2008).
- Demachy, I., Ridard, J., Laguitton-Pasquier, H., Durnerin, E., Vallverdu, G., Archirel, P. and Levy, B. Cyan Fluorescent protein: molecular dynamics, simulations, and electronic absorption spectrum. Journal of Physical Chemistry 109: 24121-24133 (2005).
- Deo, S. K. and Daunert, S. Luminescent proteins from Aequorea victoria: applications in drug discovery and in high throughput analysis. Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry 369: 258-266 (2001).
- Dhanoa, P. K., Sinclair, A. M., Mullen, R. T. and Mathur, J. Illuminating subcellular structures and dynamics in plants: a fluorescent protein toolbox. Canadian Journal of Botany 84:515-522 (2006).
- Diaspro, A. Shine on....proteins. Microscopy Research and Technique 69: 149-151 (2006).
- Diaspro, A., Krol, S., Campanini, B., Cannone, F. and Chirico, G. Enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP) fluorescence after polyelectrolyte caging. Optics Express 14: 9815-9824 (2006).
- Dietz, H. and Rief, M. Exploring the energy landscape of GFP by single-molecule mechanical experiments. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 101:16192-16197 (2004).
- Dixit, R. and Cyr, R. Cell damage and reactive oxygen species production induced by fluorescence microscopy: effect on mitosis and guidelines for non-invasive fluorescence microscopy. The Plant Journal 36: 280-290 (2003).
- Dmitrienko, D. V., Vrzheshch, E. P., Drutsa, V. L. and Vrzheshch, P. V. Red fluorescent protein DsRed: parametrization of its chromophore as an amino acid residue for computer modeling in the OPLS-AA force field. Biochemistry (Moscow) 71: 1133-1152 (2006).
- Dong, J., Abulwerdi, F., Baldridge, A., Kowalik, J., Solntsev, K. M. and Tolbert, L. M. Isomerization in fluorescent protein chromophores involves addition/elimination. Journal of the American Chemical Society 130: 14096-14098 (2008).
- Dong, J., Solntsev, K. M., Poizat, O. and Tolbert, L. M. The meta-green fluorescent protein chromophore. Journal of the American Chemical Society 129: 10084-10085 (2007).
- Dong, J., Solntsev, K. M. and Tolbert, L. M. Solvatochromism of the green fluorescence protein chromophore and its derivatives. Journal of the American Chemical Society 128:12038-12039 (2006).
- Dong, J., Solntsev, K. M. and Tolbert, L. M. Activation and tuning of green fluorescent protein chromophore emission by alkyl substituent-mediated crystal packing. Journal of the American Chemical Society 131: 662-670 (2009).
- Dopf, J. and Horiagon, T. M. Deletion mapping of the Aequorea victoria green fluorescent protein Gene 173: 39-44 (1996).
- Dove, S. G., Hoegh-Guldberg, O. and Ranganathan, S. Major colour patterns of reef-building corals are due to a family of GFP-like proteins. Coral Reefs 19: 197-204 (2001).
- Drew, D. E., Lerch, M., Kunji, E., Slotboom, D. J. and de Gier, J. W. Optimization of membrane protein overexpression and purification using GFP fusions. Nature Methods 3: 303-313 (2006).
- Drew, D. E., von Heijne, G., Nordlund, P. and de Gier, J. W. Green fluorescent protein as an indicator to monitor membrane protein overexpression in Escherichia coli. FEBS Letters507: 220-224 (2001).
- Drobizhev, M., Tillo, S., Makarov, N. S., Hughes, T. E. and Rebane, A. Absolute two-photon absorption spectra and two-photon brightness of orange and red fluorescent proteins.Journal of Physical Chemistry 113: 855-859 (2009).
- Duden, R. Live cell imaging: the 'green revolution' continues apace. Trends in Cell Biology12: 548 (2002).
- Dundr, M., McNally, J. G., Cohen, J. and Misteli, T. Quantitation of GFP-fusion proteins in single living cells. Journal of Structural Biology 140: 92-99 (2002).
- Dupuy, D., Bertin, N., Hidalgo, C. A., Venkatesan, K., Tu, D., Lee, D., Rosenberg, J., Svrzikapa, N., Blanc, A., Carnec, A., Carvunis, A. R., Pulak, R., Shingles, J., Reece-Hoyes, J., Hunt-Newbury, R., Viveiros, R., Mohler, W. A., Tasan, M., Roth, F. P., Le Peuch, C., Hope, I. A., Johnsen, R., Moerman, D. G., Barabasi, A. L., Baillie, D. and Vidal, M. Genome-scale analysis of in vivo spatiotemporal promoter activity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Nature Biotechnology 25: 663-668 (2006).
- Ehrhardt, D. GFP technology for live cell imaging. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 6: 622-628 (2003).
- Ehrig, T., O'Kane, D. J. and Prendergast, F. G. Green-fluorescent protein mutants with altered fluorescence excitation spectra. FEBS Letters 367: 163-166 (1995).
- Eisenstein, M. A better way to pick a plum. Nature Methods 2: 87 (2005).
- Eisenstein, M. Helping cells to tell a colorful tale. Nature Methods 3: 647-655 (2006).
- El Yazal, J., Prendergast, F. G., Shaw, D. E. and Pang, Y. P. Protonation states of the chromophore of denatured green fluorescent proteins predicted by ab initio calculations.Journal of the American Chemical Society 122: 11411-11415 (2000).
- Eli, P. and Chakrabartty, A. Variants of DsRed fluorescent protein: development of a copper sensor. Protein Science 15: 2442-2447 (2006).
- Ellenberg, J., Lippincott-Schwartz, J. and Presley, J. F. Dual-colour imaging with GFP variants.Trends in Cell Biology 9: 52-56 (1999).
- Elsliger, M. A., Wachter, R. M., Hanson, G. T., Kallio, K. and Remington, S. J. Structural and spectral response of green fluorescent protein variants to changes in pH. Biochemistry38: 5296-5301 (1999).
- Enoki, S., Maki, K., Inobe, T., Takahashi, K., Kamagata, K., Oroguchi, T., Nakatani, H., Tomoyori, K. and Kuwajima, K. The equilibrium unfolding intermediate observed at pH 4 and its relationship with the kinetic folding intermediates in green fluorescent protein. Journal of Molecular Biology 361: 969-982 (2006).
- Enoki, S., Saeki, K., Maki, K. and Kuwajima, K. Acid denaturation and refolding of green fluorescent protein. Biochemistry 43: 14238-14248 (2004).
- Era, A., Tominaga, M., Ebine, K., Awai, C., Saito, C., Ishizaki, K., Yamato, K. T., Kohchi, T., Nakano, A. and Ueda, T. Application of Lifeact reveals F-actin dynamics in Arabidopsis thaliana and the liverwort, Marchantia polymorpha. Plant and Cell Physiology 50: 1041-1048 (2009).
- Evanko, D. Training GFP to fold. Nature Methods 3: 76 (2006).
- Evanko, D. Imaging and visualization: protein suicide highlights the cell cycle. Nature Methods 5: 283 (2008).
- Evdokimov, A. G., Pokross, M. E., Egorov, N. S., Zaraisky, A. G., Yampolsky, I. V., Merzlyak, E. M., Shkoporov, A. N., Sander, I., Lukyanov, K. A. and Chudakov, D. M. Structural basis for the fast maturation of Arthropoda green fluorescent protein. EMBO Reports 7: 1006-1012 (2006).
- Falk, M. M. Genetic tags for labeling live cells: gap junctions and beyond. Trends in Cell Biology 12: 399-404 (2002).
- Falk, M. M. and Lauf, U. High resolution, fluorescence deconvolution microscopy and tagging with the autofluorescent tracers CFP, GFP, and YFP to study the structural composition of gap junctions in living cells. Microscopy Research and Technique 52: 251-262 (2001).
- Field, S. F., Bulina, M. Y., Kelmanson, I. V., Bielawski, J. P. and Matz, M. V. Adaptive Evolution of multicolored fluorescent proteins in reef-building corals. Journal of Molecular Evolution 62: 332-339 (2006).
- Fischer, M., Haase, I., Simmeth, E., Gerisch, G. and Muller-Taubenberger, A. A brilliant monomeric red fluorescent protein to visualize cytoskeleton dynamics in Dictyostelium.FEBS Letters 577: 227-232 (2004).
- Fischer, M., Haase, I., Wiesner, S. and Muller-Taubenberger, A. Visualizing cytoskeleton dynamics in mammalian cells using a humanized variant of monomeric red fluorescent protein. FEBS Letters 580: 2495-2502 (2006).
- Fisher, A. C. and DeLisa, M. P. Laboratory evolution of fast-folding green fluorescent protein using secretory pathway quality control. PLoS One 3: e2351-1-e2351-7 (2008).
- Fisher, H. E. and Mintz, C. S. Use of the green fluorescent protein as an educational tool.Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology 24: 323-326 (2000).
- Follenius-Wund, A., Bourotte, M., Schmitt, M., Lyice, F., Lami, H., Bourguignon, J. J., Haiech, J. and Pigault, C. Fluorescent derivatives of the GFP chromophore give a new insight into the GFP fluorescence process. Biophysical Journal 85: 1839-1850 (2003).
- Fradkov, A. F., Verkhusha, V. V., Staroverov, D. B., Bulina, M. E., Yanushevich, Y. G., Martynov, V. I., Lukyanov, S. and Lukyanov, K. A. Far-red fluorescent tag for protein labelling.Biochemical Journal 368: 17-21 (2002).
- Fricker, M., Runions, J. and Moore, I. Quantitative fluorescence microscopy: from art to science. Annual Review of Plant Biology 57: 79-107 (2006).
- Fuchs, S. M. and Raines, R. T. Arginine grafting to endow cell permeability. ACS Chemical Biology 2: 167-176 (2007).
- Fukuda, H., Arai, M. and Kuwajima, K. Folding of green fluorescent protein and the cycle3 mutant. Biochemistry 39: 12025-12032 (2000).
- Gaietta, G. M., Giepmans, B. N. G., Deerinck, T. J., Smith, W. B., Ngan, L., Llopis, J., Adams, S. R., Tsien, R. Y. and Ellisman, M. H. Golgi twins in late mitosis revealed by genetically encoded tags for live cell imaging and correlated electron microscopy. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 103: 17777-17782 (2006).
- Garcia-Parajo, M. F., Koopman, M., van Dijk, E. M. H. P., Subramaniam, V. and van Hulst, N. F. The nature of fluorescence emission in the red fluorescent protein DsRed revealed by single-molecule detection. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 98:14392-14397 (2001).
- Gavin, P., Devenish, R. J. and Prescott, M. An approach for reducing unwanted oligomerisation of DsRed fusion proteins. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 298: 707-713 (2002).
- Gerdes, H. H. and Kaether, C. Green fluorescent protein: applications in cell biology. FEBS Letters 389: 44-47 (1996).
- Ghosh, I., Hamilton, A. D. and Regan, L. Antiparallel leucine zipper-directed protein reassembly: application to the green fluorescent protein Journal of the American Chemical Society 122: 5658-5659 (2000).
- Gilmore, A. M., Larkum, A. W. D., Salih, A., Itoh, S., Shibata, Y., Bena, C., Yamasaki, H., Papina, M. and Van Woesik, R. Simultaneous time resolution of the emission spectra of fluorescent proteins and zooxanthellar chlorophyll in reef-building corals. Photochemistry and Photobiology 77: 515-523 (2003).
- Giuliano, K. A., Post, P. L., Hahn, K. M. and Taylor, D. L. Fluorescent protein biosensors: measurement of molecular dynamics in living cells. Annual Review of Biophysics and Biomolecular structure 24: 405-434 (1995).
- Goodin, M. M., Chakrabarty, R., Banerjee, R., Yelton, S. and DeBolt, S. New gateways to discovery. Plant Physiology 145: 1100-1109 (2007).
- Goulding, A., Shrestha, S., Dria, K., Hunt, E. and Deo, S. K. Red fluorescent protein variants with incorporated non-natural amino acid analogues. Protein Engineering Design and Selection 21: 101-106 (2008).
- Grabenbauer, M., Geerts, W. J. C., Fernadez-Rodriguez, J., Hoenger, A., Koster, A. J. and Nilsson, T. Correlative microscopy and electron tomography of GFP through photooxidation. Nature Methods 2: 857-862 (2005).
- Greenbaum, L., Rothmann, C., Lavie, R. and Malik, Z. Green fluorescent protein photobleaching: a model for protein damage by endogenous and exogenous singlet oxygen. Biological Chemistry 381: 1251-1258 (2000).
- Gupta, R. D. and Tawfik, D. S. Directed enzyme evolution via small and effective neutral drift libraries. Nature Methods 5: 939-942 (2008).
- Gura, T. Jellyfish proteins light up cells. Science 276: 1989 (1997).
- Gurskaya, N. G., Fradkov, A. F., Pounkova, N. I., Staroverov, D. B., Bulina, M. E., Yanushevich, Y. G., Labas, Y. A., Lukyanov, S. and Lukyanov, K. A. A colourless green fluorescent protein homologue from the non-fluorescent hydromedusa Aequorea coerulescens and its fluorescent mutants. Biochemical Journal 373: 403-408 (2003).
- Gurskaya, N. G., Fradkov, A. F., Terskikh, A., Matz, M. V., Labas, Y. A., Martynov, V. I., Yanushevich, Y. G., Lukyanov, K. A. and Lukyanov, S. A. GFP-like chromoproteins as a source of far-red fluorescent proteins. FEBS Letters 507: 16-20 (2001).
- Gurskaya, N. G., Savitsky, A. P., Yanushevich, Y. G., Lukyanov, S. A. and Lukyanov, K. A. Color transitions in coral's fluorescent proteins by site-directed mutagenesis. BMC Biochemistry 2: 6-12 (2001).
- Haas, J., Park, E. C. and Seed, B. Codon usage limitation in the expression of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein. Current Biology 6: 315-324 (1996).
- Habuchi, S., Cotlet, M., Gensch, T., Bednarz, T., Haber-Pohlmeier, S., Rozenski, J., Dirix, G., Michiels, J., Vanderleyden, J., Heberle, J., De Schryver, F. C. and Hofkens, J. Evidence for the isomerization and decarboxylation in the photoconversion of the red fluorescent protein DsRed. Journal of the American Chemical Society 127: 8977-8984 (2005).
- Habuchi, S., Cotlet, M., Gronheid, R., Dirix, G., Michiels, J., Vanderleyden, J., De Schryver, F. C. and Hofkens, J. Single-molecule surface enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy of the enhanced green fluorescent protein. Journal of the American Chemical Society 125: 8446-8447 (2003).
- Haddock, S. H. D., Dunn, C. W., Pugh, P. R. and Schnitzler, C. E. Bioluminescent and red-fluorescent lures in a deep-sea siphonophore. Science 309: 263 (2005).
- Han, W., Li, D. and Levitan, E. S. A new green fluorescent protein construct for localizing and quantifying peptide release. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 971: 627-633 (2002).
- Hanson, D. A. and Ziegler, S. F. Fusion of green fluorescent protein to the C-terminus of granulysin alters its intracellular localization in comparison to the native molecule.Journal of Negative Results in BioMedicine 3: 1-4 (2004).
- Hanson, M. R. and Kohler, R., H. GFP imaging: methodology and application to investigate cellular compartmentation in plants. Journal of Experimental Botany 52: 529-539 (2001).
- Harms, G. S., Cognet, L., Lommerse, P. H. M., Blab, G. A. and Schmidt, T. Autofluorescent proteins in single-molecule research: applications to live cell imaging microscopy.Biophysical Journal 80: 2396-2408 (2001).
- Haseloff, J. and Amos, B. GFP in plants. Trends in Genetics 11: 328-329 (1995).
- Hassler, S. Green fluorescent protein: the next generation. Nature Biotechnology 13: 103 (1995).
- Hastings, J. W. Chemistries and colors of bioluminescent reactions: a review. Gene 173: 5-11 (1996).
- He, X., Bell, A. F. and Tonge, P. J. Synthesis and spectroscopic studies of model red fluorescent protein chromophores. Organic Letters 4: 1523-1526 (2002).
- He, X., Bell, A. F. and Tonge, P. J. Isotopic labeling and normal-mode analysis of a model green fluorescent protein chromophore. Journal of Physical Chemistry 106: 6056-6066 (2002).
- He, X., Bell, A. F. and Tonge, P. J. Ground state isomerization of a model green fluorescent protein chromophore. FEBS Letters 549: 35-38 (2003).
- Heddle, C. and Mazaleyrat, S. L. Development of a screening platform for directed evolution using the reef coral fluorescent protein ZsGreen as a solubility reporter. Protein Engineering, Design and Selection 20: 327-337 (2007).
- Heikal, A. A., Hess, S. T. and Webb, W. W. Multiphoton molecular spectroscopy and excited-state dynamics of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP): acid-base specificity.Chemical Physics 274: 37-55 (2001).
- Heilemann, M., Dedecker, P., Hofkens, J. and Sauer, M. Photoswitches: key molecules for subdiffraction-resolution fluorescence imaging and molecular quantification. Laser and Photonics Reviews 3: 180-202 (2009).
- Heim, R. and Tsien, R. Y. Engineering green fluorescent protein for improved brightness, longer wavelengths and fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Current Biology 6: 178-182 (1996).
- Helms, V., Straatsma, T. P. and McCammon, J. A. Internal dynamics of green fluorescent protein. Journal of Physical Chemistry 103: 3263-3269 (1999).
- Helms, V., Winstead, C. and Langhoff, P. W. Low-lying electronic excitations of the green fluorescent protein chromophore. Journal of Molecular Structure 506: 179-189 (2000).
- Henderson, J. N., Ai, H. W., Campbell, R. E. and Remington, S. J. Structural basis for reversible photobleaching of a green fluorescent protein homologue. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 104: 6672-6677 (2007).
- Henderson, J. N. and Remington, S. J. Crystal structures and mutational analysis of amFP486, a cyan fluorescent protein from Anemonia majano. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 102: 12712-12717 (2005).
- Hendrix, J., Flors, C., Dedecker, P., Hofkens, J. and Engelborghs, Y. Dark states in monomeric red fluorescent proteins studied by fluorescence correlation and single molecule spectroscopy. Biophysical Journal 94: 4103-4113 (2008).
- Herberhold, H., Marchal, S., Lange, R., Scheyhing, C. H., Vogel, R. F. and Winter, R. Characterization of the pressure-induced intermediate and unfolded state of red-shifted green fluorescent protein-a static and kinetic FTIR, UV/VIS and fluorescence spectroscopy study. Journal of Molecular Biology 330: 1153-1164 (2003).
- Hess, S. T., Sheets, E. D., Wagenknecht-Wiesner, A. and Heikal, A. A. Quantitative analysis of the fluorescence properties of intrinsically fluorescent proteins in living cells. Biophysical Journal 85: 2566-2580 (2003).
- Hink, M. A., Visser, N. V., Borst, J. W., van Hoek, A. and Visser, A. J. W. G. Practical use of corrected fluorescence excitation and emission spectra of fluorescent proteins in Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) studies. Journal of Fluorescence 13: 185-188 (2003).
- Hodgkinson, S. GFP in Dictyostelium. Trends in Genetics 11: 327-328 (1995).
- Hopf, M., Gohring, W., Ries, A., Timpl, R. and Hohenester, E. Crystal structure and mutational analysis of a perlecan-binding fragment of nidogen-1. Nature Structural and Molecular Biology 8: 634-640 (2001).
- Hosoi, H., Yamaguchi, S., Mizuno, H., Miyawaki, A. and Tahara, T. Hidden electronic excited state of enhanced green fluorescent protein. Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 112:2761-2763 (2008).
- Hu, W. and Cheng, C. L. Expression of Aequorea green fluorescent protein in plant cells.FEBS Letters 369: 331-334 (1995).
- Huang, J. R., Craggs, T. D., Christodoulou, J. and Jackson, S. E. Stable intermediate states and high energy barriers in the unfolding of GFP. Journal of Molecular Biology 370: 356-371 (2007).
- Huppert, D., Leiderman, P., Ben-Ziv, M., Genosar, L. and Cohen, L. Excitation wavelength dependence of the proton-transfer reaction of the green fluorescent protein. Journal of Physical Chemistry 109: 4241-4251 (2005).
- Hurtley, S. and Szuromi, P. Oscillating Flashes. Science 309: 985-987 (2005).
- Inouye, S. and Tsuji, F. I. Expression of the gene and fluorescence characteristics of the recombinant protein. FEBS Letters 341: 277-280 (1994).
- Inouye, S. and Tsuji, F. I. Evidence for redox forms of the Aequorea green fluorescent protein. FEBS Letters 351: 211-214 (1994).
- Ip, D. T. M., Chan, S. H., Allen, M. D., Bycroft, M., Wan, D. C. C. and Wong, K. B. Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of a novel orange fluorescent protein from the Cnidaria tube anemone Cerianthus sp. Acta Crystallographica Biological Crystallography Section D 60: 340-341 (2004).
- Ip, D. T. M., Wong, K. B. and Wan, D. C. C. Characterization of novel orange fluorescent protein cloned from Cnidarian tube anemone Cerianthus sp. Marine Biotechnology 9: 469-478 (2007).
- Ito, Y., Suzuki, M. and Husimi, Y. A novel mutant of green fluorescent protein with enhanced sensitivity for microanalysis at 488 nm excitation. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 264: 556-560 (1999).
- Iwai, H., Lingel, A. and Pluckthun, A. Cyclic green fluorescent protein produced in vivo using an artificially split PI-PfuI intein from Pyrococcus furiosus. Journal of Biological Chemistry 276: 16548-16554 (2001).
- Jach, G., Pesch, M., Richter, K., Frings, S. and Uhrig, J. F. An improved mRFP1 adds red to bimolecular fluorescence complementation. Nature Methods 3: 597-600 (2006).
- Jackson, S. E., Craggs, T. D. and Huang, J. R. Understanding the folding of GFP using biophysical techniques. Expert Review of Proteomics 3: 545-559 (2006).
- Jain, R. K. and Ranganathan, R. Local complexity of amino acid interactions in a protein core. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 101: 111-116 (2004).
- Jakobs, S., Subramaniam, V., Schonle, A., Jovin, T. M. and Hell, S. W. EGFP and DsRed expressing cultures of Escherichia coli imaged by confocal, two-photon and fluorescence lifetime microscopy. FEBS Letters 479: 131-135 (2000).
- Janicki, S. M., Tsukamoto, T., Salghetti, S. E., Tansey, W. P., Sachidanandam, R., Prasanth, K. V., Ried, T., Shav-tal, Y., Bertrand, E., Singer, R. H. and Spector, D L. From Silencing to gene expression: real-time analysis in single cells. Cell 116: 683-698 (2004).
- Jaye, A. A., Stoner-Ma, D., Matousek, P., Towrie, M., Tonge, P. J. and Meech, S. R. Symposium-in-print: green fluorescent protein and homologs. Time-resolved emission spectra of green fluorescent protein. Photochemistry and Photobiology 82: 373-379 (2006).
- Jung, G., Werner, M. and Schneider, M. Efficient photoconversion distorts the fluorescence lifetime of GFP in confocal microscopy: a model kinetic study on mutant thr203Val.ChemPhysChem 9: 1867-1874 (2008).
- Jung, G., Wiehler, J., Gohde, W., Tittel, J., Basche, Th., Steipe, B. and Brauchle, C. Confocal microscopy of single molecules of the green fluorescent protein. Bioimaging 6: 54-61 (1998).
- Jung, G., Wiehler, J. and Zumbusch, A. The photophysics of green fluorescent protein: influence of the key amino acids at positions 65, 203, and 222. Biophysical Journal 88:1932-1947 (2005).
- Jung, G. and Zumbusch, A. Improving autofluorescent proteins: comparative studies of the effective brightness of green fluorescent protein (GFP) mutants. Microscopy Research and Technique 69: 175-185 (2006).
- Kaether, C. and Gerdes, H. H. Visualization of protein transport along the secretory pathway using green fluorescent protein. FEBS Letters 369: 267-271 (1995).
- Kahn, T. W., Beachy, R. N. and Falk, M. M. Cell-free expression of a GFP fusion protein allows quantitation in vitro and in vivo. Current Biology 7: R207-R208 (1997).
- Kajihara, D., Hohsaka, T. and Sisido, M. Synthesis and sequence optimization of GFP mutants containing aromatic non-natural amino acids at the Tyr66 position. Protein Engineering, Design and Selection 18: 273-278 (2005).
- Kam, Z., Zamir, E. and Geiger, B. Probing molecular processes in live cells by quantitative multidimensional microscopy. Trends in Cell Biology 11: 329-334 (2001).
- Kanda, T., Sullivan, K. F. and Wahl, G. M. Histone-GFP fusion protein enables sensitive analysis of chromosome dynamics in living mammalian cells. Current Biology 8: 377-385 (1998).
- Kaniewska, P., Campbell, P. R., Fine, M. and Hoegh-Guldberg, O. Phototropic growth in a reef flat Acroporid branching coral species Journal of Experimental Biology 212: 662-667 (2009).
- Kao, H. T., Sturgis, S., DeSalle, R., Tsai, J., Davis, D., Gruber, D. F. and Pieribone, V. A. Dynamic regulation of fluorescent proteins from a single species of coral. Marine Biotechnology 9: 733-746 (2007).
- Kapoor, V., Subach, F. V., Kozlov, V. G., Grudinin, A., Verkhusha, V. V. and Telford, W. G. New lasers for flow cytometry: filling the gaps. Nature Methods 4: 679-680 (2007).
- Karasawa, S., Araki, T., Yamamoto-Hino, M. and Miyawaki, A. A green-emitting fluorescent protein from Galaxeidae coral and its monomeric version for use in fluorescent labeling.Journal of Biological Chemistry 278: 34167-34171 (2003).
- Katayama, H., Yamamoto, A., Mizushima, N., Yoshimori, T. and Miyawaki, A. GFP-like proteins stably accumulate in lysosomes. Cell Structure and Function 33: 1-12 (2008).
- Kawano, H., Kogure, T., Abe, Y., Mizuno, H. and Miyawaki, A. Two-photon dual-color imaging using fluorescent proteins. Nature Methods 5: 373- 379(2008).
- Kawasaki, M. and Inagaki, F. Random PCR-based screening for soluble domains using green fluorescent protein. Biochemical and Biophysical research communications 280:842-844 (2001).
- Kelmanson, I. V. and Matz, M. V. Molecular basis and evolutionary origins of color diversity in great star coral Montastraea cavernosa (Scleractinia: Faviida). Molecular Biology and Evolution 20: 1125-1133 (2003).
- Kendall, J. M. and Badminton, M. N. Aequorea victoria bioluminescence moves into an exciting new era. Trends in Biotechnology 16: 216-224 (1998).
- Kennis, J. T. M., Larsen, D. S., van Stokkum, I. H. M., Vengris, M., van Thor, J. J. and van Grondelle, R. V. Uncovering the hidden ground state of green fluorescent protein.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 101: 17988-17993 (2004).
- Kent, K. P., Childs, W. and Boxer, S. G. Deconstructing green fluorescent protein. Journal of the American Chemical Society 130: 9664-9665 (2008).
- Keppler-Ross, S., Noffz, C. and Dean, N. A new purple fluorescent color marker for genetic studies in Sccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans. Genetics 179: 705-710 (2008).
- Khan, F., Kuprov, I., Craggs, T. D., Hore, P. J. and Jackson, S. E. Fluorine NMR studies of the native and denatured states of green fluorescent protein. Journal of the American Chemical Society 128: 10729-10737 (2006).
- Khrameeva, E. E., Drutsa, V. L., Vrzheshch, E. P., Dmitrienko, D. V. and Vrzheshch, P. V.Mutants of monomeric red fluorescent protein mRFP1 at residue 66: Structure modeling by molecular dynamics and search for correlations with spectral properties. Biochemistry (Moscow) 73: 1085-1095 (2008).
- Ki, S., Sugihara, F., Kasahara, K., Tochio, H., Okada-Marubayashi, A., Tomita, S., Morita, M., Ikeguchi, M., Shirakawa, M. and Kokubo, T. A novel magnetic resonance-based method to measure gene expression in living cells. Nucleic Acids Research 34: e51-1-e51-7 (2006).
- Kikuchi, A., Fukumura, E., Karasawa, S., Mizuno, H., Miyawaki, A. and Shiro, Y. Structural characterization of a thiazoline-containing chromophore in an orange fluorescent protein, monomeric Kusabira orange. Biochemistry 47: 11573-11580 (2008).
- Kim, J., Kwon, D. Y., Lee, J., Pasquier, H. and Grailhe, R., The use of cyan fluorescent protein variants with a distinctive lifetime signature. Molecular BioSystems 5: 151-153 (2009).
- Kimata, Y., Iwaki, M., Lim, C. R. and Kohno, K. A novel mutation which enhances the fluorescence of green fluorescent protein at high temperatures. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 232: 69-73 (1997).
- Kiseleva, Y. V., Mishin, A. S., Bogdanov, A. M., Labas, Y. A. and Lukyanov, K. A. The ability of green fluorescent proteins for photoconversion under oxygen-free conditions is determined by the chromophore structure rather than its amino acid environment.Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry 34: 638-641 (2008).
- Kiss, C., Temirov, J., Chasteen L., Waldo, G. S. and Bradbury, R. M. Directed evolution of an extremely stable fluorescent protein. Protein Engineering, Design and Selection 22: 313-323 (2009).
- Kitsera, N., Khobta, A. and Epe, B. Destabilized green fluorescent protein detects rapid removal of transcription blocks after genotoxic exposure. BioTechniques 43: 222-227 (2007).
- Kneen, M., Farinas, J., Li, Y. and Verkman, A. S. Green fluorescent protein as a noninvasive intracellular pH indicator. Biophysical Journal 74: 1591-1599 (1998).
- Kobayashi, T., Morone, N., Kashiyama, T., Oyamada, H., Kurebayashi, N. and Murayama, T. Engineering a novel multifunctional green fluorescent protein tag for a wide variety of protein research. PLoS ONE 3: e3822-1-e3822-6 (2008).
- Kogure, T., Kawano, H., Abe, Y. and Miyawaki, A. Fluorescence imaging using a fluorescent protein with a large stokes shift. Methods 45: 223-226 (2008).
- Kojima, S., Hirano, T., Niwa, H., Ohashi, M., Inouye, S. and Tsuji, F. I. Mechanism of the redox reaction of the Aequorea green fluorescent protein (GFP). Tetrahedron Letters 38: 2875-2878 (1997).
- Kojima, S., Ohkawa, H., Hirano, T., Maki, S. and Niwa, H. Fluorescent properties of model chromophores of tyrosine-66 substituted mutants of Aequorea green fluorescent protein (GFP). Tetrahedron Letters 39: 5239-5242 (1998).
- Könz, F., Purchase, R., Bonsma, S., Gallus, J. and Volker, S. Optical dephasing in red fluorescent protein. Journal of Luminiscence 108: 153-157 (2004).
- Korolenko, V. A., Evtushenko, E., Rusanov, A. L., Zubova, N., Kurochkin, I. N. and Savitsky, A. P. Multi-population disaggregation behavior of zFP538 upon dilution. Proceedings of SPIE6098: 60980N-1-60980N-10 (2006).
- Kost, B., Spielhofer, P. and Chua, N. H. A GFP-Mouse talin fusion protein labels plant actin filaments in vivo and visualizes the actin cytoskeleton in growing pollen tubes. The Plant Journal 16: 393-401 (1998).
- Kostov, Y., Smith, D. S., Tolosa, L., Rao, G., Gryczynski, I., Gryczynski, Z., Malicka, J. and Lakowicz, J. R. Directional surface plasomon-coupled emission from a 3 nm green fluorescent protein monolayer. Biotechnology Progress 21: 1731-1735 (2005).
- Kredel, S., Nienhaus, K., Oswald, F., Wolff, M., Ivanchenko, S., Cymer, F., Jeromin, A., Michel, F. J., Spindler, K. D., Heilker, R., Nienhaus, G. U. and Wiedenmann, J. Optimized and far-red emitting variants of fluorescent protein eqFP611. Chemistry and Biology 15: 224-233 (2008).
- Kredel, S., Oswald, F., Nienhaus, K., Deuschle, K., Rocker, C., Wolff, M., Heilker, R., Nienhaus, G. U. and Wiedenmann, J. mRuby, a bright monomeric red fluorescent protein for labeling of subcellular structures. PLoS ONE 4: e4391-1-e4391-7 (2009).
- Kremers, G. J., Goedhart, J., van den Heuvel, D. J., Gerritsen, H. C. and Gadella Jr., T. W. J. Improved green and blue fluorescent proteins for expression in bacteria and mammalian cells. Biochemistry 46: 3775-3783 (2007).
- Kremers, G. J., Goedhart, J., van Munster, E. B. and Gadella Jr., T. W. J. Cyan and yellow super fluorescent proteins with improved brightness, protein folding, and FRET Forster radius. Biochemistry 45: 6570-6580 (2006).
- Kummer, A. D., Wiehler, J., Rehaber, H., Kompa, C., Steipe, B. and Michel-beyerle, M. E. Effects of threonine 203 replacements on excited-state dynamics and fluorescence properties of the green fluorescent protein (GFP). Journal of Physical Chemistry 104:4791-4798 (2000).
- Kummer, A. D., Wiehler, J., Schuttrigkeit, T. A., Berger, B. W., Steipe, B. and Michel-Beyerle, M. E. Picosecond time-resolved fluorescence from blue-emitting chromophore variants Y66F and Y66H of the green fluorescent protein. ChemBioChem 3: 659-663 (2002).
- Labas, Y. A., Gurskaya, N. G., Yanushevich, Y. G., Fradkov, A. F., Lukyanov, K. A., Lukyanov, S. A. and Matz, M. V. Diversity and evolution of the green fluorescent protein family.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 99: 4256-4261 (2002).
- Lauf, U., Lopez, P. and Falk, M. M. Expression of fluorescently tagged connexins: a novel approach to rescue function of oligomeric DsRed-tagged proteins. FEBS Letters 498: 11-15 (2001).
- Lawrence, M. S., Phillips, K. J. and Liu, D. R. Supercharging proteins can impart unusual resilience. Journal of the American Chemical Society 129: 10110-10112 (2007).
- Lee, L. Y., Fang, M. J., Kuang, L. Y. and Gelvin, S. B. Vectors for multi-color bimolecular fluorescence complementation to investigate protein-protein interactions in living plant cells. Plant Methods 4: 24-34 (2008).
- Leiderman, P., Genosar, L., Huppert, D., Shu, X., Remington, S. J., Solntsev, K. M. and Tolbert, L. M. Ultrafast excited-state dynamics in the green fluorescent protein variant S65T/H148D.3. Short-and long-time dynamics of the excited-state proton transfer.Biochemistry 46: 12026-12036 (2007).
- Lessard, G. A., Habuchi, S., Werner, J. J., Goodwin, P. M., De Schryver, F., Hofkens, J. and Cotlet, M. Probing dimerization and intraprotein fluorescence resonance energy transfer in a far-red fluorescent protein from the sea anemone Heteractis crispa. Journal of Biomedical Optics 13: 031212-1-031212-7 (2008).
- Leutenegger, A., D'Angelo, C., Matz, M. V., Denzel, A., Oswald, F., Salih, A., Nienhaus, G. U. and Wiedenmann, J. It's cheap to be colorful Anthozoans show a slow turnover of GFP-like proteins. The FEBS Journal 274: 2496-2505 (2007).
- Leutenegger, A., Kredel, S., Gundel, S., D'Angelo, C., Salih, A. and Wiedenmann, J. Analysis of fluorescent and non-fluorescent sea anemones from the Mediterranean Sea during a bleaching event. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 353: 221-234 (2007).
- Li, I. T., Pham, E. and Truong, K. Protein biosensors based on the principle of fluorescence resonance energy transfer for monitoring cellular dynamics. Biotechnology Letters 28:1971-1982 (2006).
- Li, X., Zhao, X., Fang, Y., Jiang, X., Duong, T., Fan, C., Huang, C. C. and Kain, S. R. Generation of destabilized green fluorescent protein as a transcription reporter. Journal of Biological Chemistry 273: 34970-34975 (1998).
- Li, Y., Sierra, A. M., Ai, H. W. and Campbell, R. E. Identification of sites within a monomeric red fluorescent protein that tolerate peptide insertion and testing of corresponding circular permutations. Photochemistry and Photobiology 83: 1-9 (2007).
- Li, Y., Sierra, A. M., Ai, H. W. and Campbell, R. E. Identification of sites within a monomeric red fluorescent protein that tolerate peptide insertion and testing of corresponding circular permutations. Photochemistry and Photobiology 84: 111-119 (2008).
- Lill, M. A. and Helms, V. Proton shuttle in green fluorescent protein studied by dynamic simulations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 99: 2778-2781 (2002).
- Lindhout, B. I., Fransz, P., Tessadori, F., Meckel, T., Hooykaas, P. J. J. and van der Zaal, B. J., Live cell imaging of repetitive DNA sequences via GFP-tagged polydactyl zinc finger proteins. Nucleic Acids Research 35: 16-24 (2007).
- Link, C. D., Fonte, V., Hiester, B., Yerg, J., Ferguson, J., Csontos, S., Silverman, M. A. and Stein, G. H. Conversion of green fluorescent protein into a toxic, aggregation-prone protein by C-terminal addition of a short peptide. Journal of Biological Chemistry 281 1808-1816 (2006).
- Lippincott-Schwartz, J. Biofluorescence: the making of a new technology. Nature Cell Biology 8: 1212 (2006).
- Lippincott-Schwartz, J. and Smith, C. L. Insights into secretory and endocytic membrane traffic using green fluorescent protein chimeras. Current Opinion in Neurobiology 7: 631-639 (1997).
- Lisenbee, C. S., Karnik, S. K. and Trelease, R. N. Overexpression and mislocalization of a tail-anchored GFP redefines the identity of peroxisomal ER. Traffic 4: 491-501 (2003).
- Lissemore, J. L., Bayes, J., Calvey, M., Reineke, L., Colagiavanni, A., Tscheiner, M. and Mascotti, D. P. Green fluorescent protein is superior to blue fluorescent protein as a quantitative reporter of promoter activity in E. coli. Molecular Biology Reports 36: 1107-1112 (2008).
- Litvinenko, K. L., Webber, N. M. and Meech, S. R. An ultrafast polarization spectroscopy study of internal conversion and orientational relaxation of the chromophore of the green fluorescent protein. Chemical Physics Letters 346: 47-53 (2001).
- Litvinenko, K. L., Webber, N. M. and Meech, S. R. Internal conversion in the chromophore of the green fluorescent protein: temperature dependence and isoviscosity analysis. Journal of Physical Chemistry 107: 2616-2623 (2003).
- Liu, H. S., Jan, M. S., Chou, C. K., Chen, P. H. and Ke, N. J. Is green fluorescent protein toxic to the living cells? Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 260: 712-717 (1999).
- Liu, Y., Kim, H. R. and Heikal, A. A. Structural basis of fluorescence fluctuation dynamics of green fluorescent proteins in acidic environments. Journal of Physical Chemistry 110:24138-24146 (2006).
- Loertscher, J. It isn't easy glowing green. CBE-Life Sciences Education 8: 11-12 (2009).
- Loos, D. C., Habuchi, S., Flors, C., Hotta, J. I., Wiedenmann, J., Nienhaus, G. U. and Hofkens, J. Photoconversion in the red fluorescent protein from the sea anemone Entacmaea quadricolor: Is cis-trans isomerization involved? Journal of the American Chemical Society 128: 6270-6271 (2006).
- Lopez, X., Marques, M. A. L., Castro, A. and Rubio, A. Optical absorption of the blue fluorescent protein: A first-principles study. Journal of the American Chemical Society127: 12329-12337 (2005).
- Lorenz, H., Hailey, D. W. and Lippincott-Schwartz, J. Fluorescence protease protection of GFP chimeras to reveal protein topology and subcellular localization. Nature Methods 3:205-210 (2006).
- Lossau, H., Kummer, A., Heinecke, R., Pollinger-Dammer, F., Kompa, C., Bieser, G., Jonsson, T., Silva, C. M., Yang, M. M., Youvan, D. C. and Michel-Beyerle, M. E. Time-resolved spectroscopy of wild-type and mutant green fluorescent proteins reveals excited state deprotonation consistent with fluorophore-protein interactions. Chemical Physics 213: 1-16 (1996).
- Lounis, B., Deich, J., Rosell, F. I., Boxer, S. G. and Moerner, W. E. Photophysics of DsRed, a red fluorescent protein, from the ensemble to the single-molecule level. Journal of Physical Chemistry 105: 5048-5054 (2001).
- Luebke, K. J. A FLASH of insight into cellular chemistry: genetically encoded labels for protein visualization in vivo. Chemistry and Biology 5: R317-R322 (1998).
- Luo, W. X., Cheng, T., Guan, B. Q., Li, S. W., Miao, J., Zhang, J. and Xia, N. S. Variants of green fluorescent protein GFPxm. Marine Biotechnology 8: 560-566 (2006).
- Maddalo, S. L. and Zimmer, M. Symposium-in-print: green fluorescent protein and homologs The role of the protein matrix in green fluorescent protein fluorescence.Photochemistry and Photobiology 82: 367-372 (2006).
- Makino, Y., Amada, K., Taguchi, H. and Yoshida, M. Chaperonin-mediated folding of green fluorescent protein. Journal of Biological Chemistry 272: 12468-12474 (1997).
- Mallik, R., Budgaonkar, J. B. and Krishnamoorthy, G. Kinetics of proton transfer in a green fluorescent protein: a laser-induced pH jump study. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Science 115: 307-317 (2003).
- Malo, G. D., Pouwels, L. J., Wang, M., Weichsel, A., Montfort, W. R., Rizzo, M. A., Piston, D. W. and Wachter, R. M. X-ray structure of Cerulean GFP: a tryptophan-based chromophore useful for fluorescence lifetime imaging. Biochemistry 46: 9865-9873 (2007).
- Malo, G. D., Wang, M., Wu, D., Stelling, A., L., Tonge, P. J. and Wachter, R. M. Crystal structure and Raman studies of dsFP483, a cyan fluorescent protein from Discosoma striata.Journal of Molecular Biology 378: 871-886 (2008).
- Malvezzi-Campeggi, F., Jahnz, M., Heinze, K. G., Dittrich, P. and Schwille, P. Light-induced flickering of DsRed provides evidence for distinct and interconvertible fluorescent states.Biophysical Journal 81: 1776-1785 (2001).
- Manca, C. Competition between proton and H-atom transfer: The role of the chromophore environment in the green fluorescent protein. Chemical Physics Letters 443: 173-177 (2007).
- Mancini, M. A. and Mancini, M. G. Glowing Genes A revolution in Biotechnology. Journal of Clinical Investigation 116: 553 (2006).
- Mandal, D., Tahara, T. and Meech, S. R. Excited-state dynamics in the green fluorescent protein chromophore. Journal of Physical Chemistry 108: 1102-1108 (2004).
- Mandal, D., Tahara, T., Webber, N. M. and Meech, S. R. Ultrafast fluorescence of the chromophore of the green fluorescent protein in alcohol solutions. Chemical Physics Letters 358: 495-501 (2002).
- Mango, S. E. A green light to expression in time and space. Nature Biotechnology 25: 645-646 (2007).
- Mano, S., Miwa, T., Nishikawa, S. I., Mimura, T. and Nishimura, M. The plant organelles database (PODB): a collection of visualized plant organelles and protocols for plant organelle research. Nucleic Acids Research 36: D929-D937 (2008).
- March, J. C., Rao, G. and Bentley, W. E. Biotechnological applications of green fluorescent protein. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 62: 303-315 (2003).
- Marks, K. M. and Nolan G. P. Chemical labeling strategies for cell biology. Nature Methods3: 591-596 (2006).
- Marques, M. A. L., Lopez, X., Varsano, D., Castro, A. and Rubio, A., Time-dependent density-functional approach for biological chromophores: The case of the green fluorescent protein. Physical Review Letters 90: 258101-1-258101-4 (2003).
- Martin, M. E., Negri, F. and Olivucci, M. Origin, Nature, and Fate of the fluorescent state of the green fluorescent protein chromophore at the CASPT2//CASSCF Resolution. Journal of the American Chemical Society 126: 5452-5464 (2004).
- Martynov, V. I., Maksimov, B. I., Martynova, N. Y., Pakhomov, A. A., Gurskaya, N. G. and Lukyanov, S. A. A purple-blue chromoprotein from Goniopora tenuidens belongs to the DsRed subfamily of GFP-like proteins. Journal of Biological Chemistry 278: 46288-46292 (2003).
- Martynov, V. I., Savitsky, A. P., Martynova, N. Y., Savitsky, P. A., Lukyanov, K. A. and Lukyanov, S. A. Alternative cyclization in GFP-like proteins family. 276: 21012-21016 (2001).
- Masuda, H., Takenaka, Y., Yamaguchi, A., Nishikawa, S. and Mizuno, H. A novel yellowish-green fluorescent protein from the marine copepod, Chiridius poppei, and its use as a reporter protein in HeLa cells. Gene 372: 18-25 (2006).
- Matsuda, T., Miyawaki, A. and Nagai, T. Direct measurement of protein dynamics inside cells using a rationally designed photoconvertible protein Nature Methods 5: 339-356 (2008).
- Matz, M. V., Labas, Y. A. and Ugalde, J. Evolution of function and color in GFP-like proteins.Methods of Biochemical Analysis 47: 139-161 (2006).
- Matz, M. V., Lukyanov, K. A. and Lukyanov, S. A. Family of the green fluorescent protein: journey to the end of the rainbow. BioEssays 24: 953-959 (2002).
- Matz, M. V., Marshall, N. J. and Vorobyev, M. Symposium-in-print: green fluorescent protein and homologs. Are corals colorful? Photochemistry and Photobiology 82: 345-350 (2006).
- Matz, M. V., Shagin, D., Bogdanova, E., Britanova, O., Lukyanov, S., Diatchenko, L. and Chenchik, A. Amplification of cDNA ends based on template-switching effect and step-out PCR. Nucleic Acids Research 27: 1558-1560 (1999).
- Mauring, K., Deich, J., Rosell, F. I., McAnaney, T. B., Moerner, W. E. and Boxer, S. G. Enhancement of the fluorescence of the blue fluorescent proteins by high pressure or low temperature. Journal of Physical Chemistry 109: 12976-12981 (2005).
- Mauring, K., Krasnenko, V. and Miller, S. Photophysics of the blue fluorescent protein.Journal of Luminescence 122-123: 291-293 (2007).
- Mauring, K., Suisalu, A. and Kikas, J. Laser-induced phototransformation in green fluorescent protein at low temperature. Journal of Luminescence 87-89: 812-814 (2000).
- McAnaney, T. B., Shi, X., Abbyad, P., Jung, H., Remington, S. J. and Boxer, S. G. Green fluorescent protein variants as ratiometric dual emission pH Sensors. 3. temperature dependence of proton transfer. Biochemistry 44: 8701-8711 (2005).
- McCapra, F., Razavi, Z. and Neary, A. P. The fluorescence of the chromophore of the green fluorescent protein of Aequorea and Renilla. Journal of the Chemical Society 17: 790-791 (1988).
- Mena, M. A., Treynor, T. P., Mayo, S. L. and Daugherty, P. S. Blue fluorescent proteins with enhanced brightness and photostability from a structurally targeted library. Nature Biotechnology 24: 1569-1586 (2006).
- Mercuri, A., Sacchetti, A., De Benedetti, L., Schiva, T. and Alberti, S. Green fluorescent flowers. Plant Science 162: 647-654 (2002).
- Merkel, J. S. and Regan, L. Modulating protein folding rates in vivo and in vitro by side-chain interactions between the parallel Β strands of green fluorescent protein. Journal of Biological Chemistry 275: 29200-29206 (2000).
- Minshull, J. and Stemmer, W. P.C. Protein evolution by molecular breeding. Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 3: 284-290 (1999).
- Mishin, A. S., Subach, F. V., Yampolsky, I. V., King, W., Lukyanov, K. A. and Verkhusha, V. V. The first mutant of the Aequorea victoria green fluorescent protein that forms a red chromophore Biochemistry 47: 4666-4673 (2008).
- Misteli, T. and Spector, D. L. Applications of the green fluorescent protein in cell biology and biotechnology. Nature Biotechnology 15: 961-964 (1997).
- Miyawaki, A. Green fluorescent protein-like protein in reef Anthozoa animals. Cell Structure and Function 27: 343-347 (2002).
- Miyawaki, A. Innovations in the imaging of brain functions using fluorescent proteins.Neuron 48: 189-199 (2005).
- Miyawaki, A. Green fluorescent protein glows gold. Cell 135: 987-990 (2008).
- Miyawaki, A. and Karasawa, S. Memorizing spatiotemporal patterns. Nature Chemical Biology 3: 598-601 (2007).
- Miyawaki, A., Nagai, T. and Mizuno, H. Mechanisms of protein fluorophores formation and engineering. Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 7: 557-562 (2003).
- Mizuno, H., Sawano, A., Eli, P., Hama, H. and Miyawaki, A. Red fluorescent protein from Discosoma as a fusion tag and a partner for fluorescence resonance energy transfer.Biochemistry 40: 2502-2510 (2001).
- Mocz, G. Fluorescent proteins and their use in marine biosciences, biotechnology, and proteomics. Marine Biotechnology 9: 305-328 (2007).
- Moerner, W. E. Special topic: Single-molecule physics and chemistry. Journal of Chemical Physics 117: 10925-10937 (2002).
- Morin, J. G. and Hastings, J. W. Energy transfer in a bioluminescent system. Journal of Cellular Physiology 77: 313-318 (1971).
- Morise, H., Shimomura, O., Johnson, F. H. and Winant, J. Intermolecular energy transfer in the bioluminescent system of Aequorea. Biochemistry 13: 2656 (1974).
- Muller-Taubenberger, A. and Anderson, K. I. Recent advances using green and red fluorescent protein variants. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 77: 1-12 (2007).
- Muller-Taubenberger, A., Vos, M. J., Bottger, A., Lasi, M., Lai, F. P. L., Fischer, M. and Rottner, K. Monomeric red fluorescent protein variants used for imaging studies in different species.European Journal of Cell Biology 85: 1119-1129 (2006).
- Munsie, L. N., Caron, N., Desmond, C. R. and Truant, R. Lifeact cannot visualize some forms of stress-induced twisted f-actin. Nature Methods 6: 317-319 (2009).
- Mustafa, H., Straber, B., Rauth, S., Irving, R. A. and Wark, K. L. Identification of a functional nuclear export signal in the green fluorescent protein asFP499. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 342: 1178-1182 (2006).
- Nagai, T., Yamada, S., Tominaga, T., Ichikawa, M. and Miyawaki, A. Expanded dynamic range of fluorescent indicators for Ca2+ by circularly permuted yellow fluorescent proteins.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 101: 10554-10559 (2004).
- Nelson, B. K., Cai, X. and Nebenfuhr, A. A multicolored set of in vivo organelle markers for co-localization studies in Arabidopsis and other plants. The Plant Journal 51: 1126-1136 (2007).
- Nemukhin, A. V., Topol, I. A. and Burt, S. K. Electronic excitations of the chromophore from the fluorescent protein asFP595 in solutions. Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation 2: 292-299 (2006).
- Nienhaus, G. U. The green fluorescent protein: a key tool to study chemical processes in living cells. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 47: 8992-8994 (2008).
- Nienhaus, K., Nar, H., Heilker, R., Wiedenmann, J. and Nienhaus, G. U. Trans-cis isomerization is responsible for the red-shifted fluorescence in variants of the red fluorescent protein eqFP611. Journal of the American Chemical Society 130: 12578-12579 (2008).
- Nienhaus, K., Renzi, F., Vallone, B., Wiedenmann, J. and Nienhaus, G. U. Exploring chromophore-protein interactions in fluorescent protein cmFP512 from Cerianthus membranaceus: X-ray structure analysis and optical spectroscopy. Biochemistry 45:12942-12953 (2006).
- Nienhaus, K., Renzi, F., Vallone, B., Wiedenmann, J. and Nienhaus, G. U. Chromophore-protein interactions in the Anthozoan green fluorescent protein asFP499. Biophysical Journal 91: 4210-4220 (2006).
- Nienhaus, K., Vallone, B., Renzi, F., Wiedenmann, J. and Nienhaus, G. U. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of the red fluorescent protein eqFP611. Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography 59: 1253-1255 (2003).
- Nifosi, R., Ferrari, A., Arcangeli, C., Tozzini, V., Pellegrini, V. and Beltram, F. Photoreversible dark state in a tristable green fluorescent protein variant. Journal of Physical Chemistry107: 1679-1684 (2003).
- Nifosi, R. and Luo, Y. Origin of the anomalous two-photon absorption in fluorescent protein DsRed. Journal of Physical Chemistry B Letters 111: 505-507 (2007).
- Nifosi, R. and Tozzini, V. Cis-trans photoisomerization of the chromophore in the green fluorescent protein variant E2GFP: A molecular dynamics study. Chemical Physics 323:358-368 (2006).
- Ogawa, H., Inouye, S., Tsuji, F., Yasuda, K. and Umesono, K. Localization, trafficking, and temperature-dependence of the Aequorea green fluorescent protein in cultured vertebrate cells . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 92: 11899-11903 (1995).
- Ohashi, T., Galiacy, S. D., Briscoe, G. and Erickson, H. P. An experimental study of GFP-based FRET, with application to intrinsically unstructured proteins. Protein Science 16:1429-1438 (2007).
- Oker-Blom, C., Orellana, A. and Keinanen, K. Highly efficient production of GFP and its derivatives in insect cells for visual in vitro applications. FEBS Letters 389: 238-243 (1996).
- Olenych, S. G., Claxton, N. S., Ottenberg, G. K. and Davidson, M. W. The fluorescent protein color palette. Current Protocols in Cell Biology 21: 21.5.1-21.5.34 (2006).
- Olsen, S., Prescott, M., Wilmann, P., Battad, J., Rossjohn, J. and Smith, S. C. Determination of chromophore charge states in the low pH color transition of the fluorescent protein Rtms5H146S via time-dependent DFT. Chemical Physics Letters 420: 507-511 (2006).
- Olsen, S. and Smith, S. C. Bond selection in the photoisomerization reaction of anionic green fluorescent protein and kindling fluorescent protein chromophore models. Journal of the American Chemical Society 130: 8677-8689 (2008).
- Orengo, J. P., Bundman, D. and Cooper, T. A. A bichromatic fluorescent reporter for cell-based screens of alternative splicing. Nucleic Acids Research 34: e148-1-e148-10 (2006).
- Ostergaard, H., Henriksen, A., Hansen, G. G. and Winther, J. R. Shedding light on disulfide bond formation: engineering a redox switch in green fluorescent protein. The EMBO Journal 20: 5853-5862 (2001).
- Oswald, F., Schmitt, F., Leutenegger, A., Ivanchenko, S., D'Angelo, C., Salih, A., Maslakova, S., Bulina, M., Schirmbeck, R., Nienhaus, G. U., Matz, M. V. and Wiedenmann, J. Contributions of host and symbiont pigments to the coloration of reef corals. The FEBS Journal 274: 1102-1109 (2007).
- Ozawa, T., Natori, Y., Sako, Y., Kuroiwa, H., Kuroiwa, T. and Umezawa, Y. A minimal peptide sequence that targets fluorescent and functional proteins into the mitochondrial intermembrane space. American Chemical Society Chemical Biology 2: 176-191 (2007).
- Pakhomov, A. A., Pletneva, N. V., Balashova, T. A. and Martynov, V. I. Structure and reactivity of the chromophore of a GFP-like chromoprotein from Condylactis gigantea. Biochemistry45: 7256-7264 (2006).
- Pal, P. P., Bae, J. H., Azim, M. K., Hess, P., Friedrich, R., Huber, R., Moroder, L. and Budisa, N. Structural and spectral response of Aequorea victoria green fluorescent proteins to chromophore fluorination. Biochemistry 44: 3663-3672 (2005).
- Palm, G. J., Zdanov, A., Gaitanaris, G. A., Stauber, R., Pavlakis, G. N. and Wlodawer, A. The structural basis for spectral variations in green fluorescent protein. Nature Structural Biology 4: 361-365 (1997).
- Paramban, R. I., Bugos, R. C. and Su, W. W. Engineering green fluorescent protein as a dual functional tag. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 86: 687-697 (2004).
- Park, S. H. and Raines R. T. Green fluorescent protein as a signal for protein-protein interactions. Protein Science 6: 2344-2349 (1997).
- Park, S., Yang, X. and Saven, J. G. Advances in computational protein design. Current Opinion in Structural Biology 14: 487-494 (2004).
- Parry-Hill, M. J., Claxton, N. S., Olynych, S. G., Ottenberg, G. K., Rainey, A. M., Neaves, S. H. and Davidson, M. W. Internet-based education on the structure, function and imaging of fluorescent proteins. Proceedings of SPIE 6098: 609808-1-609808-16 (2006).
- Patnaik, S. S., Trohalaki, S. and Pachter, R. Molecular modeling of green fluorescent protein: structural effects of chromophore deprotonation. Biopolymers 75: 441-452 (2004).
- Patterson, G. H. A new harvest of fluorescent proteins. Nature Biotechnology 22: 1524-1525 (2004).
- Patterson, G. H., Knobel, S. M., Sharif, W. D., Kain, S. R. and Piston, D. W. Use of the green fluorescent protein and its mutants in quantitative fluorescence microscopy. Biophysical Journal 73: 2782-2790 (1997).
- Patterson, G. H. and Piston, D. W. Photobleaching in two-photon excitation microscopy.Biophysical Journal 78: 2159-2162 (2000).
- Pedelacq, J. D., Piltch, E., Liong, E. C., Berendzen, J., Kim, C. Y., Rho, B. S., Park, M. S., Terwilliger, T. C. and Waldo, G. S. Engineering soluble proteins for structural genomics.Nature Biotechnolgy 20: 927-932 (2002).
- Pedersen, J., Wilmann, P. G., Beddoe, T., Oakley, A. J., Devenish, R. J., Prescott, M. and Rossjohn, J. The 2.0-A crystal structure of eqFP611, a far red fluorescent protein from the sea anemone Entacmaea quadricolor. Journal of Biological Chemistry 278: 44626-44631 (2003).
- Peelle, B., Gururaja, T. L., Payan, D. G. and Anderson, D. C. Characterization and use of green fluorescent proteins from Renilla mulleri and Ptilosarcus guernyi for the human cell display of functional peptides. Journal of Protein Chemistry 20: 507-519 (2001).
- Pepperkok, R., Squire, A., Geley, S. and Bastiaens, P. I. H. Simultaneous detection of multiple green fluorescent proteins in live cells by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy.Current Biology 9: 269-276 (1999).
- Perez-Jimenez, R., Garcia-Manyes, S., Ainavarapu, S. R. K. and Fernandez, J. M. Mechanical unfolding pathways of the enhanced yellow fluorescent protein revealed by single molecule force spectroscopy. Journal of Biological Chemistry 281: 40010-40014 (2006).
- Periasamy, A. and Diaspro, A. Visible fluorescent proteins. Journal of Biomedical Optics 13:031201-1-031201-2 (2008).
- Phillips, G. J. Green fluorescent protein-a bright idea for the study of bacterial protein localization. FEMS Microbiology Letters 204: 9-18 (2001).
- Phillips Jr., G. N. Structure and dynamics of green fluorescent protein. Current Opinion in Structural Biology 7: 821-827 (1997).
- Pierce, D. W., Hom-Booher, N. and Vale, R. D. Imaging individual green fluorescent proteins.Nature 388: 338 (1997).
- Pines, J. GFP in mammalian cells. Trends in Genetics 11: 326-327 (1995).
- Pletnev, S., Scherbo, D., Chudakov, D. M., Pletneva, N., Merzlyak, E. M., Wlodawer, A., Dauter, Z. and Pletnev, V. A crystallographic study of bright far-red fluorescent protein mKate reveals pH-induced cis-trans isomerization of the chromophore. Journal of Biological Chemistry 283: 28980-28987 (2008).
- Pletneva, N., Pletnev, S., Tikhonova, T., Popov, V., Martynov, V. and Pletnev, V. Structure of a red fluorescent protein from Zoanthus, zRFP574, reveals a novel chromophore. Acta Crystallographica Biological Crystallography 62: 527-532 (2006).
- Pletneva, N., Pletnev, V., Tikhonova, T., Pakhomov, A. A., Popov, V., Martynov, V. I., Wlodawer, A., Dauter, Z. and Pletnev, S. Refined crystal structures of red and green fluorescent proteins from the button polyp Zoanthus. Acta Crystallographica Biological Crystallography 63: 1082-1093 (2007).
- Pletneva, N. V., Pletnev, S. V., Chudakov, D. M., Tihkonova, T. V., Popov, V. O., Martynov, V. I., Wlodawer, A., Dauter, Z. and Pletnev, V. Z. Three-dimensional structure of yellow fluorescent protein zYFP538 from Zoanthus sp. At the resolution 1.8A. Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry 33: 390-398 (2007).
- Potter, S. M., Wang, C. M., Garrity, P. A. and Fraser, S. E. Intravital imaging of green fluorescent protein using two-photon laser-scanning microscopy . Gene 173: 25-31 (1996).
- Pouwels, L. J., Zhang, L., Chan, N. H., Dorrestein, P. C. and Wachter, R. M. Kinetic isotope effect studies on the de novo rate of chromophore formation in fast-and slow-maturing GFP variants. Biochemistry 47: 10111-10122 (2008).
- Prasher, D. C. Using GFP to see the light. Trends in Genetics 11: 320-323 (1995).
- Prasher, D. C., McCann, R. O. and Cormier, M. J. Cloning and expression of the cDNA coding for aequorin, a bioluminescent calcium-binding protein. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 126: 1259-1268 (1985).
- Prasher, D. C., McCann, R. O., Longiaru, M. and Cormier, M. J. Sequence comparisons of complementary DNAs encoding aequorin isotypes. Biochemistry 26: 1326-1332 (1987).
- Prasher, D. C., Eckenrode, V. K., Ward, W. W., Prendergast, F. G. and Cormier, M. J. Primary structure of the Aequorea victoria green-fluorescent protein. Gene 111: 229-233 (1992).
- Prendergast, F. G. and Mann, K. G. Chemical and physical properties of aequorin and the green fluorescent protein isolated from Aequorea forsakalea. Biochemistry 17: 3448-3453 (1978).
- Prescott, M., Battad, J., Wilmann, P., Rossjohn, J. and Devenish, R. Recent advances in all-protein chromophore technology. Biotechnology Annual Review 12: 31-66 (2006).
- Prescott, M., Ling, M., Beddoe, T., Oakley, A. J., Dove, S., Hoegh-Guldberg, O., Devenish, R. J. and Rossjohn, J. The 2.2 A crystal structure of a pocilloporin pigment reveals a nonplanar chromophore conformation. Structure 11: 275-284 (2003).
- Qiu, D. L., Akemann, W., Chu, C. P., Araki, R. and Knopfel, T. Targeted optical probing of neuronal circuit dynamics using fluorescent protein sensors. Neurosignals 16: 289-299 (2008).
- Rabut, G., Doye, V. and Ellenberg, J. Mapping the dynamic organization of the nuclear pore complex inside single living cells. Nature Cell Biology 6: 1114-1125 (2004).
- Rajfur, Z., Roy, P., Otey, C., Romer, L. and Jacobson, K. Dissecting the link between stress fibres and focal adhesions by CALI with EGFP fusion proteins. Nature Cell Biology 4: 286-294 (2002).
- Randers-Eichhorn, L., Albano, C. R., Sipior, J., Bentley, W. E. and Rao, G. On-line green fluorescent protein sensor with LED excitation. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 55:921-1926 (1997).
- Rehbein, H. and Bogerd, J. Identification of genetically modified Zebrafish (Danio rerio) by protein-and DNA-analysis. Journal fur verbraucherschutz und lebensmittelsicherheit 2:122-125 (2007).
- Reid, B. G. and Flynn, G. C. Chromophore formation in green fluorescent protein.Biochemistry 36: 6786-6791 (1997).
- Rekas, A., Alattia, J. R., Nagai, T., Miyawaki, A. and Ikura, M. Crystal structure of Venus, a yellow fluorescent protein with improved maturation and reduced environmental sensitivity. Journal of Biological Chemistry 277: 50573-50578 (2002).
- Remington, S. J. Negotiating the speed bumps to fluorescence. Nature Biotechnology 20:28-29 (2002).
- Remington, S. J., Wachter, R. M., Yargbrough, D. K., Branchaud, B., Anderson, D. C., Kallio, K. and Lukyanov, K. A. zFP538, a yellow-fluorescent protein from Zoanthus, contains a novel three-ring chromophore. Biochemistry 44: 202-212 (2005).
- Richards, B., Zharkikh, L., Hsu, F., Dunn, C., Kamb, A. and Teng, D. H. F. Stable expression of Anthozoa fluorescent proteins in mammalian cells. Cytometry 48: 106-112 (2002).
- Riedl, J., Crevenna, A. H., Kessenbrock, K., Yu, H. H., Neukirchen, D., Bista, M., Bradke, F., Jenne, D., Holak, T. A., Werb, Z., Sixt, M. and Wedlich-Soldner, R. Lifeact: a versatile marker to visualize F-actin. Nature Methods 5: 605- 607(2008).
- Rizzo, M. A., Springer, G., Segawa, K., Zipfel, W. R. and Piston, D. W. Optimization of pairings and detection conditions for measurement of FRET between cyan and yellow fluorescent proteins. Microscopy and Microanalysis 12: 238-254 (2006).
- Rizzuto, R., Brini, M., De Giorgi, F., Rossi, R., Heim, R., Tsien, R. Y. and Pozzan, T. Double labeling of subcellular structures with organelle-targeted GFP mutants in vivo. Current Biology 6: 183-188 (1996).
- Rizzuto, R., Brini, M., Pizzo, P., Murgia, M. and Pozzan,T. Chimeric green fluorescent protein as a tool for visualizing subcellular organelles in living cells. Current Biology 5: 635-642 (1995).
- Ropp, J. D., Donahue, C. J., Wolfgang-Kimball, D., Hooley, J. J., Chin, J. Y. W., Cuthbertson, R. A. and Bauer, K. D. Aequorea green fluorescent protein: simultaneous analysis of wild-type and blue-fluorescing mutant by flow cytometry. Cytometry 24: 284-288 (1996).
- Rosell, F. I. and Boxer, S. G. Polarized absorption spectra of green fluorescent protein single crystals: transition dipole moment directions. Biochemistry 42: 177-183 (2003).
- Rosenow, M. A., Huffman, H. A., Phail, M. E. and Wachter, R. M. The crystal structure of the Y66L variant of green fluorescent protein supports a cyclization-oxidation-dehydration mechanism for chromophore maturation. Biochemistry 43: 4464-4472 (2004).
- Rosenow, M. A., Patel, H. N. and Wachter, R. M. Oxidative chemistry in the GFP active site leads to covalent cross-linking of a modified leucine side chain with a histidine imidazole: implications for the mechanism of chromophore formation. Biochemistry 44: 8303-8311 (2005).
- Rothbauer, U., Zolghadr, K., Muyldermans, S., Schepers, A., Cardoso, M.C. and Leonhardt, H. A versatile nanotrap for biochemical and functional studies with fluorescent fusion proteins.Molecular and Cellular proteomics 7: 282-289 (2008).
- Rothbauer, U., Zolghadr, K., Tillib, S., Nowak, D., Schermelleh, L., Gahl, A., Backmann, N., Conrath, K., Muyldermans, S., Cardoso, M. C. and Leonhardt, H. Targeting and tracing antigens in live cells with fluorescent nanobodies. Nature Methods 3: 887-889 (2006).
- Rowe, L., Ensor, M., Scott, D., Deo, S. and Daunert, S. Genetically engineered luminescent proteins in biosensing. Proceedings of SPIE 6098: 60980H-1-60980H-9 (2006).
- Runions, J., Hawes, C. and Kurup, S. Fluorescent protein fusions for protein localization in plants. Methods in Molecular Biology 390: 239-257 (2007).
- Rutter, G. A., Kennedy, H. J., Wood, C. D., White, M. R. H. and Tavare, J. M. Real-time imaging of gene expression in single living cells. Chemistry and Biology 5: R285-R290 (1998).
- Sacchetti, A. and Alberti, S. Protein tags enhance GFP folding in eukaryotic cells. Nature Biotechnology 17: 1046 (1999).
- Sacchetti, A., Cappetti, V., Marra, P., Arciprete, R. D., Sewedy, T. E., Crescenzi, C. and Alberti, S. Green fluorescent protein variants fold differentially in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.Journal of Cellular Biochemistry S36: 117-128 (2001).
- Sacchetti, A., Subramaniam, V., Jovin, T. M. and Alberti, S. Oligomerization of DsRed is required for the generation of a functional red fluorescent chromophore. FEBS Letters525: 13-19 (2002).
- Sakaue-Sawano, A., Ohtawa, K., Hama, H., Kawano, M. and Ogawa, M. Tracing the silhouette, of individual cells in S/G2/M phases with fluorescence. Chemistry and Biology 15: 1243-1253 (2008).
- Sakikawa, C., Taguchi, H., Makino, Y. and Yoshida, M. On the maximum size of proteins to stay and fold in the cavity of GroEL underneath GroES. Journal of Biological Chemistry274: 21251-21256 (1999).
- Salih, A., Cox, G. and Larkum, A. W. Cellular organization and spectral diversity of GFP-like proteins in live coral cells studied by single and multi-photon imaging and microspectroscopy. Proceedings of SPIE 4693: 194-200 (2003).
- Salih, A., Larkum, A., Cox, G., Kuhl, M. and Hoegh-Guldberg, O. Fluorescent pigments in corals are photoprotective. Nature 408: 850-853 (2000).
- Salih, A., Larkum, A., Cronin, T., Wiedenmann, J., Szymczak, R. and Cox, G. Biological properties of coral GFP-type proteins provide clues for engineering novel optical probes and biosensors. Proceedings of SPIE 5329: 61-72 (2004).
- Salih, A., Wiedenmann, J., Matz, M., Larkum, A. W. and Cox, G. Photoinduced activation of GFP-like proteins in tissues of reef corals. Proceedings of SPIE 6098: 60980B-1-60980B-12 (2006).
- Sanchez-Mosteiro, G., Koopman, M., van Dijk, E. M. H. P., Hernando, J., van Hulst, N. F. and Garcia-Parajo, M. F. Photon antibunching proves emission from a single subunit in the autofluorescent protein DsRed. ChePhysChem 5: 1782-1785 (2004).
- Sanuki, S., Hamanaka, S., Kaneko, S., Otsu, M., Karasawa, S., Miyawaki, A., Nakauchi, H., Nagasawa, T. and Onodera, M. A new red fluorescent protein that allows efficient markings of murine hematopoietic stem cells. Journal of Gene Medicine 10: 965-971 (2008).
- Sawano, A. and Miyawaki, A. Directed evolution of green fluorescent protein by a new versatile PCR strategy for site-directed and semi-random mutagenesis. Nucleic Acids Research 28: E78-1-E78-7 (2000).
- Scharnagl, C. and Raupp-Kossmann, R. A. Solution pKa values of the green fluorescent protein chromophore from hybrid quantum-classical calculations. Journal of Physical Chemistry B 108: 477-489 (2004).
- Scharnagl, C., Raupp-Kossmann, R. and Fischer, S. F. Molecular basis for pH sensitivity and proton transfer in green fluorescent protein: protonation and conformational substates from electrostatic calculations. Biophysical Journal 77: 1839-1857 (1999).
- Schellenberg, P., Johnson, E., Esposito, A. P., Reid, P. J. and Parson, W. W. Resonance Raman scattering by the green fluorescent protein and an analogue of its chromophore. Journal of Physical Chemistry B 105: 5316-5322 (2001).
- Schenk, A., Ivanchenko, S., Rocker, C., Wiedenmann, J. and Nienhaus, G. U. Photodynamics of red fluorescent proteins studied by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. Biophysical Journal 86: 384-394 (2004).
- Schleifenbaum, F., Blum, C., Elgass, K., Subramaniam, V. and Meixner, A. J. New Insights into the photophysics of Ds Red by multiparameter spectroscopy on single proteins. Journal of Physical Chemistry B 112: 7669-7674 (2008).
- Schmid, J. A. and Neumeier, H. Evolutions in science triggered by green fluorescent protein (GFP). ChemBioChem 6: 1149-1156 (2005).
- Schnitzler, C. E., Keenan, R. J., McCord, R., Matysik, A., Christianson, L. M. and Haddock, S. H. D. Spectral diversity of fluorescent proteins from the Anthozoan Corynactis californica.Marine Biotechnology 10: 328-342 (2008).
- Scholz, O., Thiel, A., Hillen, W. and Niederweis, M. Quantitative analysis of gene expression with an improved green fluorescent protein. European Journal of Biochemistry 267: 1565-1570 (2000).
- Schrope, M. Lights in the deep. Nature 450: 472-474 (2007).
- Schultz, C. Fluorescent Revelations. Chemistry and Biology 16: 107-111 (2009).
- Schuttrigkeit, T. A., Zachariae, U., von Feilitzsch, T., Wiehler, J. U., von Hummel, J., Steipe, B. and Michel-Beyerle, M. E. Picosecond time-resolved FRET in the fluorescent protein from Discosoma red (wt-DsRed). ChemPhysChem 2: 325-328 (2001).
- Scruggs, A. W., Flores, C. L., Wachter, R. and Woodbury, N. W. Development and characterization of green fluorescent protein mutants with altered lifetimes. Biochemistry44: 13377-13384 (2005).
- Seefeldt, B., Kasper, R., Seidel, T., Tinnefeld, P., Dietz, K. J., Heilemann, M. and Sauer, M. Fluorescent proteins for single-molecule fluorescence applications. Journal of Biophotonics 1: 74-82 (2008).
- Seifert, M. H. J., Georgescu, J., Ksiazek, D., Smialowski, P., Rehm, T., Steipe, B. and Holak, T. A. Backbone dynamics of green fluorescent protein and the effect of histidine 148 substitution. Biochemistry 42: 2500-2512 (2003).
- Seifert, M. H. J., Ksiazek, D., Azim, M. K., Smialowski, P., Budisa, N. and Holak, T. A. Slow exchange in the chromophore of a green fluorescent protein variant. Journal of the American Chemical Society 124: 7932-7942 (2002).
- Serebrovskaya, E. O., Edelweiss, E. F., Stremovskiy, O. A., Lukyanov, K. A., Chudakov, D. M. and Deyev, S. M. Targeting cancer cells by using an antireceptor antibody-photosensitizer fusion protein. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 106: 9221-9225 (2009).
- Service, R. F. Immune cells speed the evolution of novel proteins. Science 306: 1457 (2004).
- Shaner, N. C., Lin, M. Z., McKeown, M. R., Steinbach, P. A., Hazelwood, K. L., Davidson, M. W. and Tsien, R. Y. Evaluating and improving the photostability of fluorescent proteins.Proceedings of SPIE 7191: 719105-1-719105-11 (2009).
- Shapiro, E., Lu, C. and Baneyx, F. A set of multicolored Photinus pyralis luciferase mutants for in vivo bioluminescence applications. Protein Engineering, Design and Selection 18:581-587 (2005).
- Shav-Tal, Y., Singer, R. H. and Darzacq, X. Imaging gene expression in single living cells.Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 5: 856-862 (2004).
- Shaw, S. L., Yeh, E., Bloom, K. and Salmon, E. D. Imaging green fluorescent protein fusion proteins in Sccharomyces cerevisiae. Current Biology 7: 701-704 (1997).
- Shi, R., Pan, Q., Guan, Y., Hua, Z., Huang, Y., Zhao, M. and Li, Y. Imidazole as a catalyst for in vitro refolding of enhanced green fluorescent protein. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 459: 122-128 (2007).
- Shi, X., Abbyad, P., Shu, X., Kallio, K., Kanchanawong, P., Childs, W., Remington, S. J. and Boxer, S. G. Ultrafast excited-state dynamics in the green fluorescent protein variant S65T/H148D. 2. Unusual photophysical properties. Biochemistry 46: 12014-12025 (2007).
- Shimomura, O. Structure of the chromophore of Aequorea green fluorescent protein. FEBS Letters 104: 220-222 (1979).
- Shimomura, O., Goto, T. and Hirata, Y. Crystalline Cypridina luciferin. Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan 30: 929-933 (1957).
- Shimomura, O., Johnson, F. H. and Saiga, Y. Extraction, purification and properties of aequorin, a bioluminescent protein from the luminous hydromedusan, Aequorea. Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 59: 223-239 (1962).
- Shimomura, O., Johnson, F. H. and Saiga, Y. Microdetermination of calcium by aequorin luminescence. Science 140: 1339-1340 (1963).
- Shkrob, M. A., Mishin, A. S., Chudakov, D. M., Labas, Y. A. and Lukyanov, K. A. Chromoproteins of the green fluorescent protein family: Properties and applications.Russian Journal of Bioorganic chemistry 34: 517-525 (2008).
- Shkrob, M. A., Yanushevich, Y. G., Chudakov, D. M., Gurskaya, N. G., Labas, Y. A., Poponov, S. Y., Mudrik, N. N., Lukyanov, S. and Lukyanov, K. A. Far-red fluorescent proteins evolved from a blue chromoprotein from Actinia equina. Biochemical Journal 392: 649-654 (2005).
- Shrestha, S. and Deo, S. K. Anthozoa red fluorescent protein in biosensing. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 386: 515-524 (2006).
- Shroff, H., Galbraith, C. G., Galbraith, J. A., White, H., Gillette, J., Olenych, S., Davidson, M. W. and Betzig, E. Dual-color superresolution imaging of genetically expressed probes within individual adhesion complexes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA)104: 20308-20313 (2007).
- Shu, X., Kallio, K., Shi, X., Abbyad, P., Kanchanawong, P., Childs, W., Boxer, S. G. and Remington, S. J. Ultrafast excited-state dynamics in the green fluorescent protein variant S65T/H148D. 1. Mutagenesis and structural studies. Biochemistry 46: 12005-12013 (2007).
- Shu, X., Leiderman, P., Gepshtein, R., Smith, N. R., Kallio, K., Huppert, D. and Remington, S. J. an alternative excited state proton transfer pathway in green fluorescent protein variant S205V. Protein Science 16: 2703-2710 (2007).
- Shu, X., Shaner, N. C., Yarbrough, C. A., Tsien, R. Y. and Remington, S. J. Novel chromophores and buried charges control color in mFruits. Biochemistry 45: 9639-9648 (2005).
- Siegbahn, P. E. M., Wirstam, M. and Zimmer, M. Theoretical study of the mechanism of peptide ring formation in green fluorescent protein. International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 81: 169-186 (2001).
- Siemering, K. R., Golbik, R., Sever, R. and Haseloff, J. Mutations that suppress the thermosensitivity of green fluorescent protein. Current Biology 6: 1653-1663 (1996).
- Simon, S. M. Cellular probes on the move. Nature Biotechnology 14: 1221 (1996).
- Simpson, J. C., Wellenreuther, R., Poustka, A., Pepperkok, R. and Wiemann, S. Systematic subcellular localization of novel proteins identified by large-scale cDNA sequencing.EMBO Reports 1: 287-292 (2000).
- Sinnecker, D., Voight, P., Hellwig, N. and Schaefer, M. Reversible photobleaching of enhanced green fluorescent proteins. Biochemistry 44: 7085-7094 (2005).
- Slimane, T. A., Fontanges, P. and Trugnan, G. GFP, FRAP, FLIP, FRET, PRIM, FLASH etc�.New microscopic techniques using new fluorescent probes. An overview. Biology of the Cell 91: 227-228 (1999).
- Smith, C. Keeping tabs on fluorescent tags. Nature Methods 4: 755-761 (2007).
- Smith-Keune, C. and Dove, S. Gene expression of a green fluorescent protein homolog as a host-specific biomarker of heat stress within a reef-building coral Marine Biotechnology 9:1-15 (2007).
- Snapp, E. Design and use of fluorescent fusion proteins in cell biology. Current Protocols in Cell Biology 21: 21.4.1-24.1.13 (2005).
- Sniegowski, J. A., Lappe, J. W., Patel, H. N., Huffman, H. A. and Wachter, R. M. Base catalysis of chromophore formation in Arg96 and Glu222 variants of green fluorescent protein.Journal of Biological Chemistry 280: 26248-26255 (2005).
- Sniegowski, J. A., Phail, M. E. and Wachter, R. M. Maturation efficiency, trypsin sensitivity, and optical properties of Arg96, Glu222, and Gly67 variants of green fluorescent protein.Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 332: 657-663 (2005).
- Soling, A., Simm, A. and Rainov, N. G. Intracellular localization of Herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase fused to different fluorescent proteins depends on choice of fluorescent tag. FEBS Letters 527: 153-158 (2002).
- Sorensen, M., Lippuner, C., Kaiser, T., Miblitz, A., Aebischer, T. and Bumann, D. Rapidly maturing red fluorescent protein variants with strongly enhanced brightness in bacteria.FEBS Letters 552: 110-114 (2003).
- Southward, C. M. and Surette, M. G. The dynamic microbe: green fluorescent protein brings bacteria to light. Molecular Microbiology 45: 1191-1196 (2002).
- Stavrov, S. S., Solntsev, K. M., Tolbert, L. M. and Huppert, D. Probing the decay coordinate of the green fluorescent protein: arrest of Cis-trans isomerization by the protein significantly narrows the fluorescence spectra. Journal of the American Chemical Society 128: 1540-1546 (2006).
- Stearns, T. The green revolution. Current Biology 5: 262-264 (1995).
- Steiner, T., Hess, P., Bae, J. H., Wiltschi, B., Moroder, L. and Budisa, N. Synthetic biology of proteins: tuning GFPs folding and stability with fluoroproline. PLoS one 3: e1680-1-e1680-7 (2008).
- Steinmeyer, R., Noskov, A., Krasel, C., Weber, I., Dees, C. and Harms, G. S. Improved fluorescent proteins for single-molecule research in molecular tracking and co-localization. Journal of Fluorescence 15: 707-721 (2005).
- Stepanenko, O. V., Verkhusha, V. V., Kazakov, V. I., Shavlovsky, M. M., Kuznetsova, I. M., Uversky, V. N. and Turoverov, K. K. Comparative studies on the structure and stability of fluorescent proteins EGFP, zFP506, mRFP1, "dimer2" , and DsRed1 Biochemistry 43:14913-14923 (2004).
- Stepanenko, O. V., Verkhusha, V. V., Kuznetsova, I. M., Uversky, V. N. and Turoverov, K. K.Fluorescent proteins as biomarkers and biosensors: throwing color lights on molecular and cellular processes. Current Protein and Peptide Science 9: 338-369 (2008).
- Stewart Jr., C. N., Millwood, R. J., Halfhill, M. D., Ayalew, M., Cardoza, V., Kooshki, M., Capelle, G. A., Kyle, K. R., Piaseki, D., McCrum, G. and Di Benedetto, J. Laser-induced fluorescence imaging and spectroscopy of GFP transgenic plants. Journal of Fluorescence 15: 697-705 (2005).
- Stoner-Ma, D., Jaye, A. A., Matousek, P., Towrie, M., Meech, S. R. and Tonge, P. J. Observation of excited-state proton transfer in green fluorescent protein using ultrafast vibrational spectroscopy. Journal of the American Chemical Society 127: 2864-2865 (2005).
- Stoner-Ma, D., Jaye, A. A., Ronayne, K. L., Nappa, J., Meech, S. R. and Tonge, P. J. An alternate proton acceptor for excited-state proton transfer in green fluorescent protein: rewiring GFP. Journal of the American Chemical Society 130: 1227-1235 (2008).
- Stoner-Ma, D., Melief, E. H., Nappa, J., Ronayne, K. L., Tonge, P. J. and Meech, S. R. Proton relay reaction in green fluorescent protein (GFP): polarization-resolved ultrafast vibrational spectroscopy of isotopically edited GFP. Journal of Physical Chemistry B 110:22009-22018 (2006).
- Strack, R. L., Strongin, D. E., Bhattacharyya, D., Tao, W., Berman, A., Broxmeyer, H. E., Keenan, R. J. and Glick B. S. A noncytotoxic DsRed variant for whole-cell labeling. Nature Methods5: 955-931 (2008).
- Striker, G., Subramaniam, V., Seidel, C. A. M. and Volkmer, A. Photochromicity and fluorescence lifetimes of green fluorescent protein. Journal of Physical Chemistry 103:8612-8617 (1999).
- Strongin, D. E., Bevis, B., Khuong, N., Downing, M. E., Strack, R. L., Sundaram, K., Glick, B. S. and Keenan, R. J. Structural rearrangements near the chromophore influence the maturation speed and brightness of DsRed variants. Protein Engineering, Design and Selection 20: 525-534 (2007).
- Su, W. W. Fluorescent proteins as tools to aid protein production. Microbial Cell Factories4: 12-17 (2005).
- Subach, O. M., Gundorov, I. S., Yoshimura, M., Subach, F. V., Zhang, J., Gruenwald, D., Souslova, E. A., Chudakov, D. M. and Verkhusha, V. V. Conversion of red fluorescent protein into a bright blue probe. Chemistry and Biology 15: 1116-1124 (2008).
- Subramanian, S. and Srienc, F. Quantitative analysis of transient gene expression in mammalian cells using the green fluorescent protein. Journal of Biotechnology 49: 137-151 (1996).
- Suhling, K., Siegel, J., Phillips, D., French, P. M. W., Leveque-Fort, S., Webb, S. E. D. and Davis, D. M. Imaging the environment of green fluorescent protein. Biophysical Journal 83: 3589-3595 (2002).
- Sun, Y., Castner Jr., E. W., Lawson, C. L. and Falkowski, P. G. Biophysical characterization of natural and mutant fluorescent proteins cloned from Zooxanthellate corals. FEBS Letters570: 175-183 (2004).
- Swaminathan, R., Hoang, C. P. and Verkman, A. S. Photobleaching recover and anisotropy decay of green fluorescent protein GFP-S65T in solution and cells: Cytoplasmic viscosity probed by green fluorescent protein translational and rotational diffusion. Biophysical Journal 72: 1900-1907 (1997).
- Takeuchi, M. and Ozawa, T. Methods for imaging and analyses of intracellular organelles using fluorescent and luminescent proteins. Analytical Sciences 23: 25-29 (2007).
- Tanudji, M., Hevi, S. and Chuck, S. L. Improperly folded green fluorescent protein is secreted via a non-classical pathway. Journal of Cell Science 115: 3849-3857 (2002).
- Tavare, J. M., Fletcher, L. M. and Welsh, G. I. Using green fluorescent protein to study intracellular signalling. Journal of Endocrinology 170: 297-306 (2001).
- Teerawanichpan, P., Hoffman, T., Ashe, P., Datla, R. and Selvaraj, G. Investigations of combinations of mutations in the jellyfish green fluorescent protein (GFP) that afford brighter fluorescence, and use of a version (VISGreen) in plant, bacterial, and animal cells.Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1770: 1360-1368 (2007).
- Terry, B. R., Matthews, E. K. and and Haseloff, J. Molecular characterization of recombinant green fluorescent protein by fluorescence correlation microscopy. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 217: 21-27 (1995).
- Terskikh, A. V., Fradkov, A. F., Zaraisky, A. G., Kajava, A. V. and Angres, B. Analysis of DsRed mutants. Journal of Biological Chemistry 277: 7633-7636 (2002).
- Tomosugi, W., Matsuda, T., Tani, T., Nemoto, T., Kotera, I., Saito, K., Horikawa, K. and Nagai, T. An ultramarine fluorescent protein with increased photostability and pH insensitivity.Nature Methods 6: 351-373 (2009).
- Toniolo, A., Olsen, S., Manohar, L. and Martinez, T. J. Conical intersection dynamics in solution: The chromophore of green fluorescent protein. Faraday Discussions 127: 149-163 (2004).
- Topell, S., Hennecke, J. and Glockshuber, R. Circularly permuted variants of the green fluorescent protein. FEBS Letters 457: 283-289 (1999).
- Tour, O. EGFP as your targeted 'hitman'. Nature Methods 2: 491-492 (2005).
- Tour, O., Meijer, R. M., Zacharias, D. A., Adams, S. R. and Tsien, R. Y. Genetically targeted chromophore-assisted light inactivation. Nature Biotechnology 21: 1505-1508 (2003).
- Tozzini, V. and Giannozzi, P. Vibrational properties of DsRed model chromophores.ChemPhysChem 6: 1786-1788 (2005).
- Treynor, T. P., Vizcarra, C. L., Nedelcu, D. and Mayo, S. L. Computationally designed libraries of fluorescent proteins evaluated by preservation and diversity of function. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 104: 48-53 (2007).
- Tromans, A. Bright future for GFP. Nature Reviews/Molecular Cell Biology 5: 865 (2004).
- Tsien, R. Y. Rosy dawn for fluorescent proteins. Nature Biotechnology 17: 956-957 (1999).
- Tsien, R. Y. Building and breeding molecules to spy on cells and tumors. FEBS Letters579: 927-932 (2005).
- Tsien, R. Y. Breeding and building molecules to spy on cells and tumors. Keio Journal of Medicine 55: 127-140 (2006).
- Tsien, R. Y. and Miyawaki, A. Seeing the machinery of live cells. Science 280: 1954-158 (1998).
- Tsuji, F. I. Oxidation of a cyclic tripeptide by by molecular oxygen and the development of fluorescence in the Aequorea green fluorescent protein. International Congress Series1233: 37-44 (2002).
- Tsukamoto, T., Hashiguchi, N., Janicki, S. M., Tumbar, T., Belmont, A. S. and Spector, D. L.Visualization of gene activity in living cells. Nature Cell Biology 2: 871-878 (2000).
- Tsutsui, H., Karasawa, S., Okamura, Y. and Miyawaki, A. Improving membrane voltage measurements using FRET with new fluorescent proteins. Nature Methods 5: 683-685 (2008).
- Tu, H., Xiong, Q., Zhen, S., Zhong, X., Peng, L., Chen, H., Jiang, X., Liu, W., Yang, W., Wei, J., Dong, M., Wu, W. and Xu, A. A naturally enhanced green fluorescent protein from magnificent sea anemone (Heteractis magnifica) and its functional analysis. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 301: 879-885 (2003).
- Tubbs, J. L., Tainer, J. A. and Getzoff, E. D. Crystallographic structures of Discosoma red fluorescent protein with immature and mature chromophores: linking peptide bond trans-cis isomerization and acylimine formation in chromophore maturation. Biochemistry 44:9833-9840 (2005).
- Tucker, K. L. In vivo imaging of the mammalian nervous system using fluorescent proteins.Histochemistry and Cell Biology 115: 31-39 (2001).
- Turcic, K., Pettikiriarachchi, A., Battad, J., Wilmann, P. G., Rossjohn, J., Dove, S. G., Devenish, R. J. and Prescott, M. Amino acid substitutions around the chromophore of the chromoprotein Rtms5 influence polypeptide cleavage. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 340: 1139-1143 (2006).
- Turner, E. H., Lauterbach, K., Pugsley, H. R., Palmer, V. R. and Dovichi, N. J. Detection of green fluorescent protein in a single bacterium by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence. Analytical Chemistry 79: 778-781 (2007).
- Tzfira, T., Tian, G. W., Lacroix, B., Vyas, S., Li, J., Leitner-Dagan, Y., Krichevsky, A., Taylor, T., Vainstein, A. and Citovsky, V. pSAT vectors: a modular series of plasmids for autofluorescent protein tagging and expression of multiple genes in plants. Plant Molecular Biology 57: 503-516 (2005).
- Ugalde, J. A., Chang, B. S. W. and Matz, M. V. Evolution of coral pigments recreated.Science 305: 1433 (2004).
- van Roessel, P. and Brand, A. H. Imaging into the future: visualizing gene expression and protein interactions with fluorescent proteins. Nature Cell Biology 4: E15-E20 (2002).
- van Stokkum, I. H. M., Gobets, B., Gensch, T., van Mourik, F., Hellingwerf, K. J., van Grondelle, R. and Kennis, J. T. M. Symposium-in-Print: Green fluorescent protein and homologs (Sub)-Picosecond spectral evolution of fluorescence in photoactive proteins studied with a synchroscan streak camera system. Photochemistry and Photobiology 82: 380-388 (2006).
- van Thor, J. J., Georgiev, G. Y., Towrie, M. and Sage, J. T. Ultrafast and low barrier motions in the photoreactions of the green fluorescent protein. Journal of Biological Chemistry 280:33652-33659 (2005).
- van Thor, J. J., Gensch, T., Hellingwerf, K. J. and Johnson, L. N. Phototransformation of green fluorescent protein with UV and visible light leads to decarboxylation of glutamate 222.Nature Structural Biology 9: 37-41 (2002).
- van Thor, J. J., Pierik, A. J., Nugteren-Roodzant, I., Xie, A. and Hellingwerf, K. J. Characterization of the photoconversion of green fluorescent protein with FTIR spectroscopy. Biochemistry 37: 16915-16921 (1998).
- van Thor, J. J., Ronayne, K. L., Towrie, M. and Sage, J. T. Balance between ultrafast parallel reactions in the green fluorescent protein has a structural origin. Biophysical Journal 95:1902-1912 (2008).
- van Thor, J. J., Towrie, M., Ronayne, K., Georgiev, G. Y. and Sage, J. T. Ultrafast and low barrier motions in the photoreactions of the green fluorescent protein. Proceedings of SPIE 6098: 609806-1-609806-8 (2006).
- van Thor, J. J., Zanetti, G., Ronayne, K. L. and Towrie, M. Structural events in the photocycle of green fluorescent protein. Journal of Physical Chemistry 109: 16099-16108 (2005).
- Vendrell, O., Gelabert, R., Moreno, M. and Lluch, J. M. Potential energy landscape of the photoinduced multiple proton-transfer process in the green fluorescent protein: classical molecular dynamics and multiconfigurational electronic structure calculations. Journal of the American Chemical Society 128: 3564-3574 (2006).
- Verkhusha, V. V., Akovbian, N. A., Efremenko, E. N., Varfolomeyev, S. D. and Vrzheshch, P. V. Kinetic analysis of maturation and denaturation of DsRed, a coral-derived red fluorescent protein. Biochemistry (Moscow) 66: 1342-1351 (2001).
- Verkhusha, V. V., Chudakov, D. M., Gurskaya, N. G., Lukyanov, S. and Lukyanov, K. A. Common pathway for the red chromophore formation in fluorescent proteins and chromoproteins.Chemistry and Biology 11: 845-854 (2004).
- Verkhusha, V. V., Kuznetsova, I. M., Stepanenko, O. V., Zaraisky, A. G., Shavlovsky, M. M., Turoverov, K. K. and Uversky, V. N. High stability of Discosoma DsRed as compared to Aequorea EGFP. Biochemistry 42: 7879-7884 (2003).
- Verkhusha, V. V., Otsuna, H., Awasaki, T., Oda, H., Tsukita, S. and Ito, K. an enhanced mutant of red fluorescent protein DsRed for double labeling and developmental timer of neural fiber bundle formation. Journal of Biological Chemistry 276: 29621-29624 (2001).
- Verkhusha, V. V., Pozhitkov, A. E., Smirnov, S. A., Borst, J. W., van Hoek, A., Klyachko, N. L., Levashov, A. V. and Visser, A. J. W. G. Effect of high pressure and reversed micelles on the fluorescent proteins. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1622: 192-195 (2003).
- Villoing, A., Ridhoir, M., Cinquin, B., Erard, M., Alvarez, L., Vallverdu, G., Pernot, P., Grailhe, R., Merola, F. and Pasquier, H. Complex fluorescence of the cyan fluorescent protein: comparisons with the H148D variant and consequences for quantitative cell imaging.Biochemistry 47: 12483-12492 (2008).
- Vinkenborg, J. L., Evers, T. H., Reulen, S. W. A., Meijer, E. W. and Merkx, M. Enhanced sensitivity of FRET-based protease sensors by redesign of the GFP dimerization interface.ChemBioChem 8: 1119-1121 (2007).
- Visser, N. V., Hink, M. A., Borst, J. W., van der Krogt, G. N. M. and Visser, A. J. W. G. Circular dichroism spectroscopy of fluorescent proteins. FEBS Letters 521: 31-35 (2002).
- Voityuk, A. A., Michel-Beyerle, M. E. and Rosch, N. Protonation effects on the chromophore of green fluorescent protein. Quantum chemical study of the absorption spectrum.Chemical Physics Letters 272: 162-167 (1997).
- Voityuk, A. A., Michel-Beyerle, M. E. and Rosch, N. Quantum chemical modeling of structure and absorption spectra of the chromophore in green fluorescent proteins. Chemical Physics 231: 13-25 (1998).
- Voityuk, A. A., Michel-Beyerle, M. E. and Rosch, N. Structure and rotation barriers for ground and excited states of the isolated chromophore of the green fluorescent protein. Chemical Physics Letters 296: 269-276 (1998).
- Voliana, V., Bizzarri, R., Nifosi, R., Abbruzzetti, S., Grandi, E., Viappiani, C. and Beltram, F. Cis-Trans photoisomerization of fluorescent-protein chromophores. Journal of Physical Chemistry B 112: 10714-10722 (2008).
- Vrzheshch, P. V., Akovbian, N. A., Varfolomeyev, S. D. and Verkhusha, V. V. Denaturation and partial renaturation of a tightly tetramerized DsRed protein under mildly acidic conditions.FEBS Letters 487: 203-208 (2000).
- Wachter, R. M. Symposium-in-Print: Green fluorescent protein and homologs The family of GFP-like proteins: structure, function, photophysics and biosensor applications. Introduction and perspective. Photochemistry and Photobiology 82: 339-344 (2006).
- Wachter, R. M. Mechanistic aspects of GFP chromophore biogenesis. Proceedings of SPIE6098: 609803-1-609803-8 (2006).
- Wachter, R. M. Chromogenic cross-link formation in green fluorescent protein. Accounts of Chemical Research 40: 120-127 (2007).
- Wachter, R. M., Elsliger, M-A., Kallio, K., Hanson, G. T. and Remington, S. J. Structural basis of spectral shifts in the yellow-emission variants of green fluorescent protein. Structure 6:1267- 1277 (1998).
- Wachter, R. M., King, B. A., Heim, R., Kallio, K., Tsien, R. Y., Boxer, S. G. and Remington, S. J. Crystal structure and photodynamic behavior of the blue emission variant Y66H/Y145F of green fluorescent protein. Biochemistry 36: 9759-9765 (1997).
- Wachter, R. M. and Remington, S. J. Sensitivity of the yellow variant of green fluorescent protein to halides and nitrate. Current Biology 9: R628-R629 (1999).
- Wachter, R. M., Yarbrough, D., Kallio, K. and Remington, S. J. Crystallographic and energetic analysis of binding of selected anions to the yellow variants of green fluorescent protein.Journal of Molecular Biology 301: 157-171 (2000).
- Wadsworth, P., Rusan, N. M., Tulu, U. S. and Fagerstrom, C. Stable expression of fluorescently tagged proteins for studies of mitosis in mammalian cells. Nature Methods2: 981-987 (2005).
- Wahlfors, J., Loimas, S., Pasanen, T. and Hakkarainen, T. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion constructs in gene therapy research. Histochemistry and Cell Biology 115: 59-65 (2001).
- Waldo, G. S. Genetic screens and directed evolution for protein solubility. Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 7: 33-38 (2003).
- Waldo, G. S., Standish, B. M., Berendzen, J. and Terwilliger, T. C. Rapid protein-folding assay using green fluorescent protein. Nature Biotechnology 17: 691-695 (1999).
- Wall, M. A., Socolich, M. and Ranganathan, R. The Structural basis for red fluorescence in the tetrameric GFP homolog DsRed. Nature Structural Biology 7: 1133-1138 (2000).
- Wang, H. and Chong, S. Visualization of coupled protein folding and binding in bacteria and purification of the heterodimeric complex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 100: 478-483 (2003).
- Wang, J. D., Herman, C., Tipton, K. A., Gross, C. A. and Weissman, J. S. Directed evolution of substrate-optimized GroEL/S chaperonins. Cell 111: 1027-1039 (2002).
- Wang, L. and Tsien, R. Y. Evolving proteins in mammalian cells using somatic hypermutation. Nature Protocols 1: 1346-1350 (2006).
- Wang, L., Xie, J., Deniz, A. A. and Schultz, P. G. Unnatural amino acid mutagenesis of green fluorescent protein. Journal of Organic Chemistry 68: 174-176 (2003).
- Wang, M., Patel, H. N. and Wachter, R. M. X-ray diffraction analysis and molecular-replacement solution of the cyan fluorescent protein dsFP483. Acta Crystallographica Section F Structural Biology and Crystallization Communications 61: 922-924 (2005).
- Wang, S. and Smith, S. C. Mechanistic aspects of proton chain transfer in the green fluorescent protein. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 9: 452-458 (2007).
- Wang, Y., Shyy, J. Y. J. and Chien, S. Fluorescence proteins, live-cell imaging and mechanobiology: seeing is believing. Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering 10: 1-38 (2008).
- Ward, T. H. and Lippincott-Schwartz, J. The uses of green fluorescent protein in mammalian cells. Methods of Biochemical Analysis 47: 305-337 (2006).
- Ward, W. W. Biochemical and physical properties of green fluorescent protein. Methods of Biochemical Analysis 47: 39-65 (2006).
- Ward, W. W. and Bokman, S. H. Reversible denaturation of Aequorea green-fluorescent protein: physical separation and characterization of the renatured protein. Biochemistry21: 4535-4540 (1982).
- Ward, W. W., Cody, C. W., Hart, R. C. and Cormier, M. J. Spectrophotometric identity of the energy transfer chromophores in Renilla and Aequorea green-fluorescent proteins.Photochemistry and Photobiology 31: 611-615 (1980).
- Ward, W. W., Prentice, H. J., Roth, A. F., Cody, C. W. and Reeves, S. C. Spectral perturbations of the Aequorea green-fluorescent protein. Photochemistry and Photobiology 35: 803-808 (1982).
- Webber, N. M., Litvinenko, K. L. and Meech, S. R. Radiationless relaxation in a synthetic analogue of the green fluorescent protein chromophore. Journal of Physical Chemistry B105: 8036-8039 (2001).
- Weber-Ban, E. U., Reid, B. G., Miranker, A. D. and Horwich, A. L. Global unfolding of a substrate protein by the Hsp100 chaperone ClpA. Nature 401: 90-93 (1999).
- Welsh, S. and Kay, S. A. Reporter gene expression for monitoring gene transfer. Current Opinion in Biotechnology 8: 617-622 (1997).
- Whitaker, M. Fluorescent tags of protein function in living cells. BioEssays 22: 180-187 (2000).
- White, J. and Stelzer, E. Photobleaching GFP reveals protein dynamics inside live cells.Trends in Cell Biology 9: 61-65 (1999).
- Wiedenmann, J., Ivanchenko, S., Oswald, F. and Nienhaus, G. U. Identification of GFP-like proteins in nonbioluminescent, Azooxanthellate Anthozoa opens new perspectives for bioprospecting. Marine Biotechnology 6: 270-277 (2004).
- Wiedenmann, J., Schenk, A., Rocker, C., Girod, A., Spindler, K. D. and Nienhaus, G. U. A far-red fluorescent protein with fast maturation and reduced oligomerization tendency from Entacmaea quadricolor (Anthozoa, Actinaria). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 99: 11646-11651 (2002).
- Wiedenmann, J., Vallone, B., Renzi, F., Nienhaus, K., Ivanchenko, S., Rocker, C. and Nienhaus, G. U. Red fluorescent protein eqFP611 and its genetically engineered dimeric variants.Journal of Biomedical Optics 10: 014003-1--014003-7 (2005).
- Wiehler, J., Jung, G., Seebacher, C., Zumbusch, A. and Steipe, B. Mutagenic stabilization of the photocycle intermediate of green fluorescent protein (GFP). ChemBioChem 4: 1164-1171 (2003).
- Wiehler, J., von Hummel, J. and Steipe, B. Mutants of Discosoma red fluorescent protein with a GFP-like chromophore. FEBS Letters 487: 384-389 (2001).
- Williams, R. Roger Tsien: Bringing color to cell biology. Journal of Cell Biology 179: 6-8 (2007).
- Willig, K. I., Kellner, R. R., Medda, R., Hein, B., Jakobs, S. and Hell, S. W. Nanoscale resolution in GFP-based microscopy. Nature Methods 3: 721-723 (2006).
- Wilmann, P. G., Battad, J., Beddoe, T., Olsen, S., Smith, S. C., Dove, S., Devenish, R. J., Rossjohn, J. and Prescott, M. Symposium-in-Print: Green fluorescent protein and homologs The 2.0 Angstrom crystal structure of a pocilloporin at PH 3.5: the structural basis for the linkage between color transition and halide binding. Photochemistry and Photobiology 82:359-366 (2006).
- Wilmann, P. G., Battad, J., Petersen, J., Wilce, M. C. J., Dove, S., Devenish, R. J., Prescott, M. and Rossjohn, J. The 2.1 A crystal structure of copGFP, a representative member of the copepod clade within the green fluorescent protein superfamily. Journal of Molecular Biology 359: 890-900 (2006).
- Wilmann, P. G., Peterson, J., Devenish, R. J., Prescott, M. and Rossjohn, J. Variations on the GFP chromophore. Journal of Biological Chemistry 280: 2401-2404 (2005).
- Wilmann, P. G., Petersen, J., Pettikiriarachchi, A., Buckle, A. M., Smith, S. C., Olsen, S., Perugini, M. A., Devenish, R. J., Prescott, M. and Rossjohn, J. The 2.1 A crystal structure of the far-red fluorescent protein HcRed: Inherent conformational flexibility of the chromophore. Journal of Molecular Biology 349: 223-237 (2005).
- Wood, T. I., Barondeau, D. P., Hitomi, C., Kassman, C. J., Tainer, J. A. and Getzoff, E. D. Defining the role of arginine 96 in green fluorescent protein fluorophore biosynthesis.Biochemistry 44: 16211-16220 (2005).
- Wouters, F. S., Verveer, P. J. and Bastiaens, P. I. H. Imaging biochemistry inside cells. Trends in Cell Biology 11: 203-211 (2001).
- Wu, B., Chen, Y. and Muller, J. D. Fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy of mCherry in living cells. Biophysical Journal 96: 2391-2404 (2009).
- Wu, C., Liu, H., Crossen, R., Gruenwald, S. and Singh, S. Novel green fluorescent protein (GFP) baculovirus expression vectors. Gene 190: 157-162 (1997).
- Wu, J. Q. and Pollard, T. D. Counting cytokinesis proteins globally and locally in fission yeast. Science 310: 310-314 (2005).
- Wu, L. and Burgess, K. Syntheses of highly fluorescent GFP-chromophore analogues.Journal of the American Chemical Society 130: 4089-4096 (2008).
- Xia, N. S., Luo, W. X., Zhang, J., Xie, X. Y., Yang, H. J., Li, S. W., Chen, M. and Ng, M. H.Bioluminescence of Aequorea macrodactyla, a common jellyfish species in the east china sea. Marine Biotechnology 4: 155-162 (2002).
- Xie, D. and Zeng, J. Electronic excitations of green fluorescent proteins: protonation states of chromophore model compound in solutions. Journal of Computational Chemistry 26:1487-1496 (2005).
- Yampolsky, I. V., Kislukhin, A. A., Amatov, T. T., Shcherbo, D., Potapov, V. K., Lukyanov, S. and Lukyanov, K. A. Synthesis and properties of the red chromophore of the green-to-re photoconvertible fluorescent protein kaed and its analogs. Bioorganic Chemistry 36: 96-104 (2008).
- Yampolsky, I. V., Remington, S. J., Martynov, V. I., Potapov, V. K., Lukyanov, S. and Lukyanov, K. A. Synthesis and properties of the chromophore of the asFP595 chromoprotein from Anemonia sulcata. Biochemistry 44: 5788-5793 (2005).
- Yang, F., Moss, L. G. and Phillips Jr., G. N. The molecular structure of green fluorescent protein. Nature Biotechnology 14: 1246-1251 (1996).
- Yang, T. T., Kain, S. R., Kitts, P., Kondepudi, A., Yang, M. M. and Youvan, D. C. Dual color microscopic imagery of cells expressing the green fluorescent protein and a red-shifted variant. Gene 173: 19-23 (1996).
- Yang, T. T., Sinai, P., Green, G., Kitts, P. A., Chen, Y. T., Lybarger, L., Chervenak, R., Patterson, G. H., Piston, D. W. and Kain, S. R. Improved fluorescence and dual color detection with enhanced blue and green variants of the green fluorescent protein. Journal of Biological Chemistry 273: 8212-8216 (1998).
- Yanushevich, Y. G., Bulina, M. E., Gurskaya, N. G., Savitskii, A. P. and Lukyanov, K. A. Key amino acid residues responsible for the color of green and yellow fluorescent proteins from the coral polyp Zoanthus sp. Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry 28: 274-277 (2002).
- Yanushevich, Y. G., Gurskaya, N. G., Staroverov, D. B., Lukyanov, S. A. and Lukyanov, K. A. A natural fluorescent protein that changes its fluorescence color during maturation.Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry 29: 325-329 (2003).
- Yanushevich, Y. G., Shagin, D. A., Fradkov, A. F., Shakhbazov, K. S., Barsova, E. V., Gurskaya, N. G., Labas, Y. A., Matz, M. V., Lukyanov, K. A. and Lukyanov, S. A. Spectral diversity among members of the green fluorescent protein family in hydroid jellyfish (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa).Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry 31: 43-47 (2005).
- Yanushevich, Y. G., Staroverov, D. B., Savitsky, A. P., Fradkov, A. F., Gurskaya, N. G., Bulina, M. E., Lukyanov, K. A. and Lukyanov, S. A. A strategy for the generation of non-aggregating mutants of Anthozoa fluorescent proteins. FEBS Letters 511: 11-14 (2002).
- Yokoe, H. and Meyer, T. Spatial dynamics of GFP-tagged proteins investigated by local fluorescence enhancement. Nature Biotechnology 14: 1252-1256 (1996).
- Yoneda, A., Kutsuna, N., Higaki, T., Oda, Y., Sano, T. and Hasezawa, S. Recent progress in living cell imaging of plant cytoskeleton and vacuole using fluorescent-protein transgenic lines and three-dimensional imaging. Protoplasma 230: 129-139 (2007).
- Yoo, T. H., Link, A. J. and Tirrell, D. A. Evolution of a fluorinated green fluorescent protein.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 104: 13887-13890 (2007).
- Youvan, D. C. and Michel-Beyerle, M. E. Structure and fluorescence mechanism of GFP.Nature Biotechnology 14: 1219-1220 (1996).
- Yu, J., Xiao, J., Ren, X., Lao, K. and Xie, X. S. Probing gene expression in live cells, one protein molecule at a time. Science 311: 1600-1603 (2006).
- Yu, Y. A., Oberg, K., Wang, G. and Szalay, A. A. Visualization of molecular and cellular events with green fluorescent proteins in developing embryos: a review. Luminescence18: 1-18 (2003).
- Yuen, C. M. and Liu, D. R. Dissecting protein structure and function using directed evolution. Nature Methods 4: 995-997 (2007).
- Zacharias, D. A. Sticky caveats in an otherwise glowing report: Oligomerizing fluorescent proteins and their use in cell biology. Science Perspective 2002: e23 (2002).
- Zagranichny, V. E., Rudenko, N. V., Gorokhovatsky, A. Y., Zakharov, M. V., Shenkarev, Z. O., Balashova, T. A. and Arseniev, A. S. zFP538, a yellow fluorescent protein from coral, belongs to the DsRed subfamily of GFP-like proteins but possesses the unexpected site of fragmentation. Biochemistry 43: 4764-4772 (2004).
- Zapata-Hommer, O. and Griesbeck, O. Efficiently folding and circularly permuted variants of the sapphire mutant of GFP. BMC Biotechnology 3: 5-8 (2003).
- Zaveer, M. S. and Zimmer, M. Structural analysis of the immature form of the GFP homologue DsRed. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters 13: 3919-3922 (2003).
- Zeytun, A., Jeromin, A., Scalettar, B. A., Waldo, G. S. and Bradbury, A. R. M. Fluorobodies combine GFP fluorescence with the binding characteristics of antibodies. Nature Biotechnology 21: 1473-1480 (2003).
- Zhang, A., Cantor, E. J., Barshevsky, T. and Chong, S. Productive interaction of chaperones with substrate protein domains allows correct folding of the downstream GFP domain.Gene 350: 25-31 (2005).
- Zhang, J. The colorful journey of green fluorescent protein. ACS Chemical Biology 4: 85-88 (2009).
- Zhang, J., Campbell, R. E., Ting, A. Y. and Tsien, R. Y. Creating new fluorescent probes for cell biology. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 3: 906-918 (2002).
- Zhang, L., Patel, H. N., Lappe, J. W. and Wachter, R. M. Reaction progress of chromophore biogenesis in green fluorescent protein. Journal of the American Chemical Society 128:4766-4772 (2006).
- Zhang, S., Ma, C. and Chalfie, M. Combinatorial marking of cells and organelles with reconstituted fluorescent proteins. Cell 119: 137-144 (2004).
- Zhang, R., Nguyen, M. T. and Ceulemans, A. A concerted mechanism of proton transfer in green fluorescent protein. A theoretical study. Chemical Physics Letters 404: 250-256 (2005).
- Zhong, S., Lin, Z., Fray, R. G. and Grierson, D. Improved plant transformation vectors for fluorescent protein tagging. Transgenic Research 17: 985-989 (2008).
- Zimmer, M. Green fluorescent protein (GFP): applications, structure, and related photophysical behavior. Chemical Review 102: 759-781 (2002).
- Zubova, N. N., Korolenko, V. A., Astafyev, A. A., Petrukhin, A. N., Vinokurov, L. M., Sarkisov, O. M. and Savitsky, A. P. Brightness of yellow fluorescent progtein from coral )zFP538) depends on aggregation. Biochemistry 44: 3982-3993 (2005).
- Zumbusch, A. and Jung, G. Single molecule spectroscopy of the green fluorescent protein: A critical assessment. Single Molecules 1: 261-270 (2000).